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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Zoroaster/Zarathustra
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700 BCE; Prophet, revelation from Ahura Mazda as sole creator, ethical teachings choose good/evil, rewards/punishments, "good thoughts, good words, good deeds"
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Ahura Mazda
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700 BCE; "Wise Lord", creator god, good
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Angra Mainyu
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700 BCE; "Destructive Spirit", chaos, evil
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Cinvat Bridge
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700 BCE; Good cross easily and are rewarded, damned fall into chasm and are tormented, all are saved after last battle (universalism)
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Dualism
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Two gods
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Theogony
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700 BCE; a poem by Hesiod describing the origins and genealogies of the gods of the ancient Greeks
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Zeus
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800-500 BCE; Head god of the pantheon
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Plato
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400 BCE; Search for truth through reason, ideas/forms real, world is a flawed copy, Allegory of the Cave
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Vestal Virgins
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800-500 BCE; The virgin holy female priests of Vesta, the goddess of the hearth. Their primary task was to maintain the sacred fire of Vesta.
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Lares and Penates
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800-500 BCE; Household gods, guardians
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Genius of the Emperor
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100 BCE; Emperor serves as Pontifax Maximus, deceased emperor deified
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Jesus of Nazareth
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6 BCE - 27 CE; Miraculous birth, short ministry (3 years), miraculous healing, ethical teachings, death by crucifixion, resurrection
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Peter
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1 BCE - 64 CE; The first Pope, the author of two canonical epistles, and a martyr under Nero, crucified head down, and buried in Rome. His memoirs are traditionally cited as the source of the Gospel of Mark.
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Paul of Tarsus
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64 CE; Considered second founder of Christianity (persecution, conversion, missionary, letters of instruction)
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Mary
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A virgin who conceived her son miraculously by the agency of the Holy Spirit. This took place when she was already the betrothed wife of Saint Joseph and was awaiting the concluding rite of Jewish marriage, the formal home-taking ceremony.
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Sermon on the Mount
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30 CE; A compilation of Jesus' sayings, epitomizing his moral teaching.Jesus of Nazareth gave this sermon (estimated around AD 30) on a mountainside to his disciples and a large crowd. Matthew groups Jesus' teachings into five discourses, of which the Sermon on the Mount is the first.The others concern instructions for the disciples, parables of the Kingdom, instructions for the Church, and a harsh denunciation of scribes and pharisees.
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Gospels
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65-100 CE; one of the first four books of the New Testament that describe the birth, life, ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus. The four canonical texts are the Gospel of Matthew, Gospel of Mark, Gospel of Luke and Gospel of John,
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Epistles
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64 CE; Paul's letters that attempt to make the Christians more organized
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New Testament
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Consists of the four narratives of the life and death of Jesus, called "Gospels"; a narrative of the Apostles' ministries in the early church, probably by the same author as the Gospel of Luke, which it continues; twenty-one early letters, commonly called "epistles" in Biblical context, written by various authors and consisting mostly of Christian counsel and instruction; and an Apocalyptic prophecy.
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Trinity
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The one God exists in three Persons and one substance, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
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Marcion
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160 CE; Proposes Luke, Acts and Paul's letters reject Hebrew Bible, Jewish/Christian Gods different
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Gnosticism
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"Knowledge", Jesus is a teacher of wisdom not a sacrifice for sin, dualist view of the world
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Council of Nicaea
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325 CE; Debate the relationship of the Trinity, Arius: two persons are of like substance, rejected
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Council of Chalcedon
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451 CE; Jesus is fully human and divine, "unfocused, immutable, indivisible, and inseparable"
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Nicene Creed
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325 CE; Jesus is of the same substance of God and therefore divine, he is God's son
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Patriarchs
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High ranking bishops in the Catholic Church
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Papacy
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Leader of the Catholic Church, East vs. West
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Schism
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1054 CE; Question about Eucharist, Nicene Creed, and Trinity (Filoque Clause), Emperor Henry IV vs. Pope Gregory VII over who can appoint Bishops
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Eucharist
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A Christian sacrament, generally considered to be a commemoration of the Last Supper, the final meal that Jesus Christ shared with his disciples before his arrest and eventual crucifixion. The consecration of bread and a cup within the rite recalls the moment at the Last Supper when Jesus gave his disciples bread, saying, "This is my body", and wine, saying, "This is my blood."
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Baptism
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The ritual act, with the use of water, by which one is admitted as a full member of the Christian Church
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Penance
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Repentance of sins
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Perpetua
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200 CE; a 22-year old married noble, and a nursing mother suffered at Carthage in the Roman province of Africa, wrote account of suffering "Passion"
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Martyrdom
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300 CE; "Witness", widespread persecutions, political turmoil, baracks emperors, gain sympathy /converts
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Constantine
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300 CE; First Roman emperor that converted to Christianity, took an active role in multiple councils for the religion
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Rule of St. Benedict
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500 CE; A book of precepts for monks living communally under the authority of an abbot
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Monasticism
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300 CE; The religious practice in which one renounces worldly pursuits in order to fully devote one's life to spiritual work
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Roman Catholicism
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6 BCE; The Church defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity
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Eastern Orthodoxy
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6 BCE; Second largest Christian church
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Christendom
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1000 CE; Land that belongs to Christianity, kings/popes claim religious and secular authority
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Crusades
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1100-1300 CE; Popes proclaim armed pilgrimage, briefly successful, leads to pogroms against Jews in Europe
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Disputation of 1263 CE
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Discussion of religion between leading figures in Christianity and Judaism in an attempt to convert one another
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Heresy
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An introduced change to some system of belief, that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief
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Protestantism
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1500 CE; Associated with the belief that the Bible is the final source of authority for all believers, by the grace of God
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Martin Luther
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1500 CE; 95 Theses 1517 CE: doctrine of indulgences, doctrinal differences, with Catholicism: grace vs. free will, faith vs. works, importance of scripture/rejection of transition, "priesthood of believers"
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John Calvin
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1536 CE; Institutes of the Christian Religion, Predestination, influential in Switzerland, Netherlands, Scotland, southern France
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Indulgences
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The full or partial remission of temporal punishment due for sins which have already been forgiven, Church sold slips to raise money for Crusades
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Predestination
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1536 CE; A decree by God that there are certain souls that were previously appointed to salvation
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“Scripture Alone”
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The doctrine that the Bible is the only infallible or inerrant authority for Christian faith, and that it contains all knowledge necessary for salvation and holiness
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Council of Trent
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1500 CE; Reform of clerical discipline (training of priests, clerical celibacy), reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine (church as means of conveying grace, importance of church tradition and scripture, role of good works in salvation)
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Catholic Reformation
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1500 CE; Council of Trent
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“Cuius Regio, Eius Religio”
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1555 CE; "Whose realm, his religion", Peace of Augsburg
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Henry VIII
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1500 CE; Suppressed the Protestants, creation of the Peace of Augsburg
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Jesuits
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1500 CE; "Soldiers of Christ", follow the Pope's instruction to whatever end to engage in hospital and missionary work
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Missionaries
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A member of a religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith
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Society of Jesus
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1500 CE; "Soldiers of Christ", follow the Pope's instruction to whatever end to engage in hospital and missionary work
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Thirty Years’ War
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1618 CE; Engulfs western Europe in war over religion, 15% of Germany killed
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Enlightenment
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1800 CE; Reassessment of religious and scientific theory, religious wars, awareness, scientific revolution
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Deism
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A philosophical belief in the existence of a God on the basis of reason, and observation of the natural world alone
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Quakers
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1600 CE; Peace, equality, integrity, simplicity, supported Abolitionism and stated that the scripture supported it
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Great Awakenings
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1800-1900 CE; Focus on conversion experiences rather than doctrine or philosophy, John Wesley
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Millenarianism
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The expectation of the Second Coming and the establishment of the kingdom of God on earth
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Evangelicalism
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Spreading the Gospel, spiritual rebirth
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Fundamentalism
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Biblical literalism, theory of atonement, acceptance of miraculous, bodily resurrection, Second Coming immanent, "The Fundamentals" 1910 CE by R.A. Torrey
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Liberation Theology
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1900 CE; Emphasis on duty to help poor and oppressed, centered in Latin America
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Christmas
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Feast for the birth of Jesus (preceded by four weeks of Advent)
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Easter
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Resurrection
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Lent
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Preparation for the resurrection of Jesus 40 days before
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Pentecost
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Fifty days after Easter, Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles, fifty days after the Ten Commandments were given
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Millenarianism
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The expectation of the Second Coming and the establishment of the kingdom of God on earth
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Evangelicalism
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Spreading the Gospel, spiritual rebirth
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Fundamentalism
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Biblical literalism, theory of atonement, acceptance of miraculous, bodily resurrection, Second Coming immanent, "The Fundamentals" 1910 CE by R.A. Torrey
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Liberation Theology
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1900 CE; Emphasis on duty to help poor and oppressed, centered in Latin America
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Christmas
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Feast for the birth of Jesus (preceded by four weeks of Advent)
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Easter
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Resurrection
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Lent
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Preparation for the resurrection of Jesus 40 days before
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Pentecost
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Fifty days after Easter, Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles, fifty days after the Ten Commandments were given
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“Cuius Regio, Eius Religio”
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1555 CE; "Whose realm, his religion", Peace of Augsburg
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Henry VIII
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1500 CE; Suppressed the Protestants, creation of the Peace of Augsburg
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Jesuits
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1500 CE; "Soldiers of Christ", follow the Pope's instruction to whatever end to engage in hospital and missionary work
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Missionaries
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A member of a religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith
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Society of Jesus
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1500 CE; "Soldiers of Christ", follow the Pope's instruction to whatever end to engage in hospital and missionary work
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Thirty Years’ War
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1618 CE; Engulfs western Europe in war over religion, 15% of Germany killed
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Enlightenment
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1800 CE; Reassessment of religious and scientific theory, religious wars, awareness, scientific revolution
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Deism
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A philosophical belief in the existence of a God on the basis of reason, and observation of the natural world alone
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Quakers
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1600 CE; Peace, equality, integrity, simplicity, supported Abolitionism and stated that the scripture supported it
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Great Awakenings
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1700-1800 CE; Focus on conversion experiences rather than doctrine or philosophy, John Wesley
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