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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adversarial Relationship
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Dr. Cornfield’s term; employers are seeking to maximize profits by paying employees the minimum possible to sustain & retain employees in the company. Employees seek to make the most they can as a worker in the company. Thus, businesses and workers are fighting against each other’s interests, constantly seeking to gain more than the other wants. The hierarchical power structure of the employer-employee relationship gives employers built-in advantages over employees. For example, if an individual employee demands a raise, the employer can simply fire the individual. Moreover, the adversarial relationship is problematic for another reason – the natural tension in the employer and employee situation highlights any other built-in prejudices based on race, gender, or class status – further contributing to conflict.
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AFL-CIO
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in 1955, the AFL and CIO merged to the major labor union in the US. The AFL was the first major labor movement in America; founded in 1886 it was a craft union for skilled workers who were white. In 1936 a rival federation broke away from the AFL, to become the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Organizations associated with the CIO considered themselves industrial unions, not craft unions. An industrial union was defined by the product they manufactured; thus the CIO much more industrially diverse.
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Albany Movement
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In November 1961, residents of Albany, Georgia, launched a nonviolent campaign to eliminate segregation from the city; the movement captured national attention one month later when local leaders invited Martin Luther King, Jr. to join the protest. Despite King's involvement, the movement failed to secure concessions from local officials and was consequently deemed unsuccessful by many observers. The movement was a formative learning experience for King and other civil rights organizers, and credited it with hastening the ultimate desegregation of Albany's facilities, which occurred a year after the end of the movement.
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ANC
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African National Congress – a political opposition group founded in 1912 that aimed against South African apartheid laws. Young leaders like Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, and Oliver Tambo, the ANC organized nonviolent protests against apartheid laws, but had to call the first one off after violent riots broke out.
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Ahimsa
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a term from Jainism that means “to do no harm.” Gandhi used the term to describe deep love for all humans, including one’s opponents; ahimsa is not only a lack of physical harm toward them, but a lack of hatred or ill will toward them. Lawson: we must see within ourselves the principles of love and compassion.
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Ella Baker
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Inspired by the historic bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955, met with a group of Southern black ministers and helped form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to coordinate efforts throughout the South. Martin Luther King, Jr., served as the SCLC’s first president, Baker its first director. She left the SCLC in 1960 to help student leaders of college activist groups organize the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
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Marion Barry
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In 1960 Barry was heavily involved in the sit-in campaign to end segregation in Nashville’s restaurants. Later went on to be the first chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
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James Bevel
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James Bevel was one of the students trained by Lawson to sit-in against segregated lunch counters in Nashville. As chairman of the Nashville student movement, Bevel participated in Freedom Rides to desegregate interstate travel and public accommodations throughout the South.
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Black Power
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was not in class when he discussed it but Black Power became prominent when Stokely Charmicael became the leader of SNCC. The goal of Black Power was to empower and create a strong racial identity for African-Americans. It glorified shared qualities such as dialect, physical attributes, and history. Black Power also encouraged a separation from white society, saying black people should write their own histories and form their own institutions, like credit unions and political parties. This empowered African-Americans by promoting feelings of beauty and self-worth and showing that they were strong enough to thrive without the support of white institutions.
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P.W. Botha
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PM of South Africa; his government proposed a new parliament composed of three separate chambers, one white, one black, one Indian. His reforms did not really change the how whites controlled power in the government.
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Will Campbell
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the only white person present at the founding of Dr. Martin Luther King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Campbell traveled to many civil rights demonstrations of the 50s and 60s; In Little Rock in 1957 he and two other white ministers accompanied eight black students through harassing mobs as they sought entry to previously all-white schools.
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Stokely Carmichael
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o
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Chairman of SNCC after John Lewis
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o
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Coined black power phrase on continuation of Meredith march
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o
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Saw NV as tactic, not philosophy
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♣
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More militant, violent
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♣
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Eventually black panther
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Coalition of Conscience
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o
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King’s phrase
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o
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All-inclusive alliance b/t those who seek to end exploitation, racism, poverty – those who desire freedom
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C of C included whites who had to change perceptions of segregation, racism, etc.
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♣
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Fermentation of new ideas took place to a level never before reached
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♣
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It was the result of an accumulation of events/attitudes
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C of C made many ppl make personal decisions about freedom and their own response
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Group bargains w/ employer, not individual
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♣
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The US method of advancing worker econ. Interests
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♣
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Results in written contract
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o
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Why is this contentious?
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♣
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Workers and employers become legal adversaries
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♣
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Capitalist system = make a profit
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•
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Max profit, min costs is the focus for both sides
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•
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Wages are main cost
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o
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Theophilus Eugene Connor
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o
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Public Safety Commissioner of Birmingham, Alabama
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o
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Brutality changed public opinion – catalyst for change
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♣
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Especially with the children in the campaign
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o
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Dogs, water hoses, etc.
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•
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Founded United Democratic Front in South Africa to fight apartheid
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•
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Key leader of grassroot efforts (protests, strikes, boycotts) that brought attention to the struggle
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•
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Was involved in the negotiations to end apartheid after gaining respect of both blacks and whites
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Adversarial Relationship
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|
|
|
Dr. Cornfield’s term; employers are seeking to maximize profits by paying employees the minimum possible to sustain & retain employees in the company. Employees seek to make the most they can as a worker in the company. Thus, businesses and workers are fighting against each other’s interests, constantly seeking to gain more than the other wants. The hierarchical power structure of the employer-employee relationship gives employers built-in advantages over employees. For example, if an individual employee demands a raise, the employer can simply fire the individual. Moreover, the adversarial relationship is problematic for another reason – the natural tension in the employer and employee situation highlights any other built-in prejudices based on race, gender, or class status – further contributing to conflict.
|
|
|
|
AFL-CIO
|
|
|
|
in 1955, the AFL and CIO merged to the major labor union in the US. The AFL was the first major labor movement in America; founded in 1886 it was a craft union for skilled workers who were white. In 1936 a rival federation broke away from the AFL, to become the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Organizations associated with the CIO considered themselves industrial unions, not craft unions. An industrial union was defined by the product they manufactured; thus the CIO much more industrially diverse.
|
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|
Albany Movement
|
|
|
|
In November 1961, residents of Albany, Georgia, launched a nonviolent campaign to eliminate segregation from the city; the movement captured national attention one month later when local leaders invited Martin Luther King, Jr. to join the protest. Despite King's involvement, the movement failed to secure concessions from local officials and was consequently deemed unsuccessful by many observers. The movement was a formative learning experience for King and other civil rights organizers, and credited it with hastening the ultimate desegregation of Albany's facilities, which occurred a year after the end of the movement.
|
|
|
|
ANC
|
|
|
|
African National Congress – a political opposition group founded in 1912 that aimed against South African apartheid laws. Young leaders like Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, and Oliver Tambo, the ANC organized nonviolent protests against apartheid laws, but had to call the first one off after violent riots broke out.
|
|
|
|
Ahimsa
|
|
|
|
a term from Jainism that means “to do no harm.” Gandhi used the term to describe deep love for all humans, including one’s opponents; ahimsa is not only a lack of physical harm toward them, but a lack of hatred or ill will toward them. Lawson: we must see within ourselves the principles of love and compassion.
|
|
|
|
Ella Baker
|
|
|
|
Inspired by the historic bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955, met with a group of Southern black ministers and helped form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to coordinate efforts throughout the South. Martin Luther King, Jr., served as the SCLC’s first president, Baker its first director. She left the SCLC in 1960 to help student leaders of college activist groups organize the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
|
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Marion Barry
|
|
|
|
In 1960 Barry was heavily involved in the sit-in campaign to end segregation in Nashville’s restaurants. Later went on to be the first chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
|
|
|
|
James Bevel
|
|
|
|
James Bevel was one of the students trained by Lawson to sit-in against segregated lunch counters in Nashville. As chairman of the Nashville student movement, Bevel participated in Freedom Rides to desegregate interstate travel and public accommodations throughout the South.
|
|
|
|
Black Power
|
|
|
|
was not in class when he discussed it but Black Power became prominent when Stokely Charmicael became the leader of SNCC. The goal of Black Power was to empower and create a strong racial identity for African-Americans. It glorified shared qualities such as dialect, physical attributes, and history. Black Power also encouraged a separation from white society, saying black people should write their own histories and form their own institutions, like credit unions and political parties. This empowered African-Americans by promoting feelings of beauty and self-worth and showing that they were strong enough to thrive without the support of white institutions.
|
|
|
|
P.W. Botha
|
|
|
|
PM of South Africa; his government proposed a new parliament composed of three separate chambers, one white, one black, one Indian. His reforms did not really change the how whites controlled power in the government.
|
|
|
|
Will Campbell
|
|
|
|
the only white person present at the founding of Dr. Martin Luther King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Campbell traveled to many civil rights demonstrations of the 50s and 60s; In Little Rock in 1957 he and two other white ministers accompanied eight black students through harassing mobs as they sought entry to previously all-white schools.
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Stokely Carmichael
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Eventually black panther
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Coalition of Conscience
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Collective bargaining
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“Bull” Connor
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Freedom Council
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CORE
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Mohandas Gandhi
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Highlander folk school
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Fannie Lou Hamer
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Mkhuseli Jack
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Robert Kennedy
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James Lawson
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John Lewis
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Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo
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March on Washington Movement
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Memphis Sanitation Strikes
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MIA
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NAACP
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Popo Molefe
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Pauli Murray
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Robert Kennedy
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James Lawson
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John Lewis
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Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo
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March on Washington Movement
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Memphis Sanitation Strikes
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MIA
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NAACP
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Popo Molefe
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Pauli Murray
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Robert Kennedy
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James Lawson
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John Lewis
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Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo
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March on Washington Movement
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Memphis Sanitation Strikes
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MIA
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NAACP
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Popo Molefe
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Pauli Murray
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Robert Kennedy
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James Lawson
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John Lewis
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Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo
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March on Washington Movement
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Memphis Sanitation Strikes
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MIA
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NAACP
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Popo Molefe
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Pauli Murray
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Robert Kennedy
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James Lawson
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John Lewis
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Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo
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March on Washington Movement
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Memphis Sanitation Strikes
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MIA
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NAACP
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Popo Molefe
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Pauli Murray
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