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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What two components of tobacco affect the risk of heart disease? |
- Carbon monoxide - Nicotine |
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How does carbon monoxide affect the risk of heart disease? |
- combines easily/irreversibly to Hb=carboxyhaemoglobin - reduces CO2 capacity of blood - heart works harder - raised blood pressure - up risk of coronary heart disease/stroke - insufficient supply to part muscle=chest pain/heart attack |
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What is the other name for a heart attack? |
- myocardial infarcation |
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How does nicotine affect the risk of heart disease? |
- stimulate production of adrenaline=heart rate up - blood pressure up - smokers=coronary heart disease/stroke up - platelet more sticky=thrombosis up=stroke/heart attack |
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How does high blood pressure affect the risk of heart disease? |
- can be genetic=cannot change - Lifestyle: prolonged stress/diet/lack of exercise=blood pressure up |
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How does high blood pressure lead to increased risk of heart disease? |
- pressure in arteries up=heart works harder=prone to failure - high blood pressure in arteries=aneurysm (weak wall)=burst=haemorrhage - resist high pressure=artery walls thicker=harden=restrict blood flow |
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How does blood cholesterol affect the risk of heart disease? |
- carried as two types of lipoproteins: - High density: remove cholesterol from tissue;transport to liver (excretion)=protect arteries against heart disease - Low density: transport cholesterol from liver to tissues (artery walls)=develop artheroma=heart disease |
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How does diet affect the risk of heart disease? |
- high salt levels=blood pressure up - high saturated fat levels=increase LDL's=blood cholesterol up - antioxidants (vitamin C)=heart disease up |
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What are antioxidants? |
- Chemicals that reduce/prevent oxidation=often used as additive to extend shelf life |
