Rise Of Life

Front 1

In order for life to arise, there must be the formation of ____________ molecules

Back 1

organic
ie. amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates...etc

Front 2

What is one theory of organic molecule formation?

Back 2

Lightning, volcanoes, meteorites provided energy to form organic molecules from NH3

producing amino acids

Front 3

What is required to form genetic material?
What is a theory of genetic material formation?

Back 3

Genetic material requires: enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids

RNA is versatile:
*acted as an enzyme + produced proteins + carried genetic material to provide a template for DNA nucleotides to evolve from

Front 4

Organisms may be categorized by
___________and___________

Back 4

nutrition and reproduction types

Front 5

obtain carbon from C02 (themselves)

Back 5

Autotrophs

Front 6

Heterotrophs

Back 6

obtain carbon from other organisms (organic molecules)

Front 7

Phototrophs

Back 7

obtain energy from light (PHOTOsynthesis)

Front 8

obtain energy from Chemicals

Back 8

CHEMotrophs

Front 9

Photoautotrophs

Back 9

obtain energy from light and carbon from C02

Front 10

obtain carbon from organic molecules/other organisms and energy from light

Back 10

Photoheterotrophs

Front 11

obtain energy from chemicals and carbon from self

Back 11

Chemoautotrophs

Front 12

sexual reproduction

Back 12

gametes fuse thru fertilization to form zygote

Front 13

asexual reproduction

Back 13

no fusion of gametes

Front 14

The universal ancestor of all living things:

Back 14

Prokaryotes (include Bacteria and Archaea)

Front 15

Example of a Cyanobacteria (blue green algae)
______________
structure
nutrition classification
function

Back 15

Anabaena
long filament of bacteria cells
Photoautotroph
Photosynthesis occurs in cytosol
Cytosol contains thylakoids and photosystems

Front 16

Which domain is composed of mostly chemoheterotrophs?

Back 16

Bacteria

Front 17

cocci bacteria

Back 17

spherical shaped bacteria cell

Front 18

bacilli bacteria

Back 18

rod (or BAsilisk) shaped bacteria cell

Front 19

spirilli bacteria

Back 19

spiral shaped bacteria cell

Front 20

How do bacteria reproduce?

Back 20

Binary fission

Front 21

Conjugation

Back 21

two cells conjugate (cell membranes connect) their cytoplasm with each other and allows one to donate and copy plasmid DNA

Front 22

Which domains have a nuclear envelope?

Back 22

Eukarya

Front 23

Which domains have membrane bound organelles

Back 23

Eukarya

Front 24

which domains have a cell wall of peptidoglycon

Back 24

Bacteria

Front 25

Which domains have circular strands of DNA

Back 25

Bacteria and Archaea

Front 26

which domains can survive at temperatures >100C

Back 26

Archaea

Front 27

Endosymbiont theory (rise of organelles of Eukaryotes)

Back 27

Eukaryotes arose from small prokaryotes that were photoautotrophs (cyanobacteria) or aerobic heterotrophs (bacteria) and were engulphed or parasitic to a prokaryote

These engulphed prokaryotes eventually became the Chloroplasts and Mitochondria of Eukaryotic cells

Front 28

Eukaryotic evolution of membrane bound organelles?

Back 28

Mutation caused infolding of plasma membrane to create a membrane bound nucleus (the nuclear envelope) and endoplasmic reticulum

Front 29

Euglena
nutrition type
structure
unique system?
function

Back 29

photoautotroph & chemoheterotroph
contains chloroplasts and can engulph organisms through oral groove
has a contractile vacuole that allows cell to live in hypotonic environment by continuously pumping water out of the cell