Rhetorical Tradition 2Nd Exam

Front 1

Aristotle's Influences

Back 1

Plato and Isocrates (citizen orator)

Front 2

Aristotle's Definition of Rhetoric

Back 2

discovering in any given situation his available means of persuasion, CHOICES

Front 3

Counterpart of Dialectic

Back 3

dialectic is not good for large audiences

Front 4

4 reasons rhetoric is useful

Back 4

1. Helps maintain truth or justice against falsehood

2. Advances public discourse where absolute truth is unknowable

3. Teaches us habit of seeing both side of an argument, understanding arguments on other sides

4. For self-defense

Front 5

3 divisions of rhetoric

Back 5

deliberative – broadest, public issues, problems, if it isn’t court oratory or ceremonial than it is deliberative

forensic – court oratory

epideictic – ceremonial settings

Front 6

Principle of the Golden Mean

Back 6

picking the middle choice is always the most persuasive

Front 7

Enthymeme

Back 7

syllogisms, truncated/partial syllogism, audience supplies part, most commercials are set up like this

Front 8

Artistic and Inartistic Proofs

Back 8

Inartistic proofs – basic information, things to pick from

Artistic proofs – canon choices, could make a logos, pathos, ethos choice, Want balance of all three

Front 9

Aristotle on Organization

Back 9

Introduction, narration-proof, conclusion

NO REFUTATION

Front 10

Difference between style and delivery

Back 10

Style – choice you make before the presentation of the message happens
Ex. water, heat, different areas of the country, visual message (images)

Delivery – pitch, rate, volume

Front 11

What does Aristotle not talk about?

Back 11

Memory

Front 12

Good Ethos

Back 12

Good common sense
Good will
Good character

Front 13

What is Cicero's most famous work? Why?

Back 13

Ad Herenium

Influential because its short, condensation of all things Cicero wrote, important because they didn't have print yet

Front 14

Cicero thought there were 3 kinds of people...which one was he?

Back 14

Great speakers, Don't write
Great writers, Don't speak
Great writers and Speakers

Cicero was a great writer and a great speaker

Front 15

What does Cicero add to Logos?

Back 15

adds concept of stasis

Conjecture – statement of fact

Definition – arguing over definition

Quality – whether it is morally right or wrong

Procedure – if a procedure effective

Front 16

What does Cicero add to Ethos and Pathos?

Back 16

Ethos – includes speakers entire life not during the speech (citizen orator)

Pathos – thought emotion was very important

Humor – 1st to talk about humor, satire

Front 17

What does Cicero add to Organization

Back 17

refutation step

Front 18

What does Cicero say about Style?

Back 18

adds levels of style

Plain - informative
Middle - to entertain
Grand - to persuade, doesnt exist anymore

Front 19

What does Cicero say about delivery and memory?

Back 19

Delivery - incredibly important

Memory - 1st one to talk about it, wrong about doing exercises to increase memory

Front 20

Cicero's 10 suggestions for Interpersonal Communication

Back 20

1. put for ideas in easy manner
2. use humor
3. don't monopolize conversation
4. language appropriate to subject
5. safe topics (ex. family, politics)
6. if topic veers, steer back
7. study the company, taste differ
8. dont show anger
9. only correct someone when absolutely necessary
10. don't boast

Front 21

Quintilian's influences

Back 21

Cicero and Isocrates

Front 22

what is the area of Quintilian's biggest contribution?

Back 22

citizen orator

Front 23

What is Q's good man theory? (5 factors)

Back 23

1. free from vice
2. sincere belief in the cause he advocates
3. lover of wisdom
4. servant of the state
5. seeks knowledge on subject

Front 24

Describe the 2nd sophistic
what is the only canon left?

Back 24

governments change and free speech is gone
delivery is the only canon left
panegyric - the type of discourse where you cant say anything

Front 25

St. Augustine

Back 25

influenced by Cicero then converts to catholicism
teaches church that divine inspiration doesn't make you a good speaker
significant because church becomes center of knowledge

Front 26

Describe the Middle Ages and the three events that changed rhetoric

Back 26

most people that could read and write were part of the church
Letter writting is the main way of communicating

1. crusades
2. printing press
3. protestant reformation

Front 27

Describe the Humanist Perspective

Back 27

Vico - people are creative, cant predict what can happen, need all canons and all the creativity you can get

Front 28

Ingenium

Back 28

"spark of light"
describes process where you don't know what is next, can't predict creative process

Front 29

Describe the Rational Perspective

Back 29

Ramus thinks that emotion is stupid and should be suppressed, can learn to predict people, doesn’t like emotion and creativity, takes invention and organization away, style and delivery are only canons

Front 30

Who were the three British?

Back 30

Blair, Whately, Campbell

Front 31

Blair was interested in...

Back 31

Style
Good taste and the sublime

Front 32

Campbell was interested in...

Back 32

Argument
faculty psychology
the 5 faculties of the mind

Front 33

What are Campbell's 5 faculties of the mind

Back 33

1. Faculty of understanding
2. Faculty of memory, vivid imagery
3. Faculties of imagination, really creative (metaphor, ect)
4. Faculties of passion
5. Faculties of will

Front 34

Whately was interesting in...

Back 34

Arguement - especially forensic
matters of fact, matters of opinion
presumption of innocent if you are defendant
burden of proof is on prosecution

Front 35

Elequosionists

Back 35

Only interested in delivery
Not that much creativity
Take classes, improve speech, move up levels of society

Front 36

Who were the two famous Elequosionists?

Back 36

Sheridan - highly respected

Austin - gestures

Front 37

What are Rhetorical Situations?

Back 37

Figure out which things are rhetorical situations and which things aren’t

Always have exigency, which is a problem that is identified by audiences, discourse is going to help the situation

Constraints: External (outside factor) and Internal (personality)

Front 38

What is Apologia and its 4 strategies?

Back 38

Audiences demand explanation or apology

1. Denial - I'm innocent
2. Bolstering - reminding audience of what they liked about you
3. differentiation - remind them your situation is different
4. Transcendence - something is more important than this charge

Front 39

What are the 4 possible combinations for Apologia?

Back 39

Absolution - Denial, differentiation
Vindication - Denial, transcendence
Explanation - Bolstering, differentiation
Justification - Bolstering, transcendence