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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Plato
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427B.C. - 347 B.C.
Socrates was Platos Teacher Platos was Aristotles Teacher Plato compares rhetoric to Knack: a false art. Plato argues rhetoric ougth to be honored only for bringing justice |
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Plato's Gorgias
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Aimed only at persuasion about justice through the manipulation of public opinion, whereas an adequate view of just must be grounded in true knowledge and ails at the well being of a city-state - Herrick 59
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Debate Geogias
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Rhetoric is an art concerned with words. Danger is that the public thinks they've learned about justice when they have not - Sophists have no real understanding of it.
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Polus
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Defines power: to act like a tyrant (kill and earn his property)
Loved rhetoric for its honor and power |
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Callicles
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Argued that we should dominate the weak and pursue desire
Attempts to disrupt notions of morality Socrates/Plato argie that Vallicles is a slave: not free lives an unjust life |
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Phaedrus
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Socrates argues that Rheroric and Love (Eros are linked)
Rhetoric should bring about justice & harmony Foundational to conducting rhetoric is the knowledge of truth and the knowledge of the human soul The goal of rhetoric for Plato is to establish order in the indiviual and in the city state: |
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Soul and the Charioteer:
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Wisdom - charioteer
Honor/ Nobility = hprse Pleasures/appetite/lust = horse When the charioteer master the horses, orders is achieved. |
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Platos model of rhetoric
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Know the truth of the matter you speak. Avoid Deception
Know the souls of men and those of your audience and bring truth to them Have a hign moral purpose Interactive discourse if preferable to monologue |
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Rhetoric
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goal-oriented discourse that seeks, by means of resources of symbols, to adapt ideas to an audience.
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Essay: 7 P's of Rhetoric
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Public
Propositional Purposive Problem-solving Pragmatic Powerful |
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7 P's - Public
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Rhetoric is adapted to an audience
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7 P's - Propositional
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Seeks Persuasion
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7- P's - Purposive
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Is planned
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7 p's - Problem-solving
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is responsive
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7 P's - Pragmatic
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Addresses contingent issues
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7 P's - Powerful
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Reveal human motives
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Rhetor
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an individual engaged in creating or presenting rhetorical discourse
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Rhetorical Acts
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an intentional, created, polished attempt to overcome the obstacles in a given situation with a specific audience on a given issue to achieve a particular end
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Rhetorical Theory
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the systematic presentation of the art of rhetoric, descriptions of rhetoric’s various functions, and explanations of how rhetoric achieves its goals
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6 Social Functions of Rhetoric
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Ideas are tested
Rhetoric assists advocacy Rhetoric distributes power Rhetoric discovers facts & “truths” Rhetoric shapes knowledge Rhetoric builds community |
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Rhetorical Criticism
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the process or qualitative method used to engage in the study of rhetoric
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Act
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something that is executed in the presence of the rhetor’s intended audience (speech or performance)
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Artifact
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text, trace or tangible evidence of the act (a speech text, building, film, recorded song)
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Exigency
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:a problem/crisis
Krisis: requires judgment; a crisis; when what should happen does not. The moment at which criticism arises |
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Essay: Sophists
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A group of traveling teachers and practitioners in Ancient Greece.
Sophists were sought for legal arguments, public speaking skills, and knowledge on general culture. The Sophists were the first to infuse rhetoric with life. |
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Protagoras
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Known as father of debate.
Invented “antilogic:” method of resolving disputes by examining both sides of an argument |
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Gorgias
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Famous orator, teacher. Emphasized poetic influence, sounds of words & control over powerful emotions. Gorgianic rhetoric: a unilateral transaction between an active speaker and a passive audience
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Isocrates
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Believed in the expansion, superiority of Greek culture. Logographoi: professional speechwriter & consultant.
High concern for ethos, moral standards and effective political judgments |
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Aspasia
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Known female rhetorician in 6th B.C. Lived in Asia Minor with Greek general Pericles. Lived in Asia Minor with Greek general Pericles
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Doxa
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Is a Greek word meaning common belief or popular opinion. Used by the Greek rhetoricians as a tool for the formation of argument by using common opinions, the doxa was often manipulated by sophists to persuade the people.
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Demos
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The common people of an ancient Greek state.
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Techne
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Is often translated as craft or art.
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Arete
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Means goodness, excellence, or virtue of any kind. In its earliest appearance in Greek, this notion of excellence was ultimately bound up with the notion of the fulfillment of purpose or function
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Logos
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Means persuading by the use of reasoning.
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Kairos
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Is an ancient Greek word meaning the right or opportune moment (the supreme moment)
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To prepon
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What is becoming or decorous.
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Dissoi Logos
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It refers to the rhetorical practice or arguing both sides of an issue.
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Dialectic
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The art or practice of arriving at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments
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Essay: 3 qualities of Rhetorical Criticism
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Systematic Analysis as the act of criticism.
Acts and Artifacts as the objects of criticism Understanding Rhetorical Processes as the purpose of criticism. |
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Foss's steps into conducting a rhetorical criticism
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1.selecting an artifact
2. Analyzing the artifact 3. Formulating a research question 4. Writing an essay |