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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Plato
427B.C. - 347 B.C.
Socrates was Platos Teacher
Platos was Aristotles Teacher
Plato compares rhetoric to Knack: a false art.
Plato argues rhetoric ougth to be honored only for bringing justice
Plato's Gorgias
Aimed only at persuasion about justice through the manipulation of public opinion, whereas an adequate view of just must be grounded in true knowledge and ails at the well being of a city-state - Herrick 59
Debate Geogias
Rhetoric is an art concerned with words. Danger is that the public thinks they've learned about justice when they have not - Sophists have no real understanding of it.
Polus
Defines power: to act like a tyrant (kill and earn his property)
Loved rhetoric for its honor and power
Callicles
Argued that we should dominate the weak and pursue desire
Attempts to disrupt notions of morality
Socrates/Plato argie that Vallicles is a slave: not free lives an unjust life
Phaedrus
Socrates argues that Rheroric and Love (Eros are linked)
Rhetoric should bring about justice & harmony
Foundational to conducting rhetoric is the knowledge of truth and the knowledge of the human soul
The goal of rhetoric for Plato is to establish order in the indiviual and in the city state:
Soul and the Charioteer:
Wisdom - charioteer
Honor/ Nobility = hprse
Pleasures/appetite/lust = horse

When the charioteer master the horses, orders is achieved.
Platos model of rhetoric
Know the truth of the matter you speak. Avoid Deception
Know the souls of men and those of your audience and bring truth to them
Have a hign moral purpose
Interactive discourse if preferable to monologue
Rhetoric
goal-oriented discourse that seeks, by means of resources of symbols, to adapt ideas to an audience.
Essay: 7 P's of Rhetoric
Public
Propositional
Purposive
Problem-solving
Pragmatic
Powerful
7 P's - Public
Rhetoric is adapted to an audience
7 P's - Propositional
Seeks Persuasion
7- P's - Purposive
Is planned
7 p's - Problem-solving
is responsive
7 P's - Pragmatic
Addresses contingent issues
7 P's - Powerful
Reveal human motives
Rhetor
an individual engaged in creating or presenting rhetorical discourse
Rhetorical Acts
an intentional, created, polished attempt to overcome the obstacles in a given situation with a specific audience on a given issue to achieve a particular end
Rhetorical Theory
the systematic presentation of the art of rhetoric, descriptions of rhetoric’s various functions, and explanations of how rhetoric achieves its goals
6 Social Functions of Rhetoric
Ideas are tested
Rhetoric assists advocacy
Rhetoric distributes power
Rhetoric discovers facts & “truths”
Rhetoric shapes knowledge
Rhetoric builds community
Rhetorical Criticism
the process or qualitative method used to engage in the study of rhetoric
Act
something that is executed in the presence of the rhetor’s intended audience (speech or performance)
Artifact
text, trace or tangible evidence of the act (a speech text, building, film, recorded song)
Exigency
:a problem/crisis
Krisis: requires judgment; a crisis; when what should happen does not.
The moment at which criticism arises
Essay: Sophists
A group of traveling teachers and practitioners in Ancient Greece.
Sophists were sought for legal arguments, public speaking skills, and knowledge on general culture.
The Sophists were the first to infuse rhetoric with life.
Protagoras
Known as father of debate.
Invented “antilogic:” method of resolving disputes by examining both sides of an argument
Gorgias
Famous orator, teacher. Emphasized poetic influence, sounds of words & control over powerful emotions. Gorgianic rhetoric: a unilateral transaction between an active speaker and a passive audience
Isocrates
Believed in the expansion, superiority of Greek culture. Logographoi: professional speechwriter & consultant.
High concern for ethos, moral standards and effective political judgments
Aspasia
Known female rhetorician in 6th B.C. Lived in Asia Minor with Greek general Pericles. Lived in Asia Minor with Greek general Pericles
Doxa
Is a Greek word meaning common belief or popular opinion. Used by the Greek rhetoricians as a tool for the formation of argument by using common opinions, the doxa was often manipulated by sophists to persuade the people.
Demos
The common people of an ancient Greek state.
Techne
Is often translated as craft or art.
Arete
Means goodness, excellence, or virtue of any kind. In its earliest appearance in Greek, this notion of excellence was ultimately bound up with the notion of the fulfillment of purpose or function
Logos
Means persuading by the use of reasoning.
Kairos
Is an ancient Greek word meaning the right or opportune moment (the supreme moment)
To prepon
What is becoming or decorous.
Dissoi Logos
It refers to the rhetorical practice or arguing both sides of an issue.
Dialectic
The art or practice of arriving at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments
Essay: 3 qualities of Rhetorical Criticism
Systematic Analysis as the act of criticism.
Acts and Artifacts as the objects of criticism
Understanding Rhetorical Processes as the purpose of criticism.
Foss's steps into conducting a rhetorical criticism
1.selecting an artifact
2. Analyzing the artifact
3. Formulating a research question
4. Writing an essay