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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Analogy |
A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar |
To make a pointed comparison ,often a very powerful comparison; to make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging |
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Metaphor/simile |
A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. |
To make a pointed comparison, often a very powerful comparison; to make writing more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking, and meaningful |
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Hyperbole |
A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.often have a comic effect however a serious effect is also possible. |
To provoke a response, to cast something in a strong light; often hyperbole produces irony |
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Understatement |
The ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is. The effect can frequently be humerus and emphatic. is the opposite of hyperbole |
To spark the readers imagination or make a pointed observation |
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Imagery |
The sensory details of figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, imagery uses terms related to the five senses on a broader and deeper level, one image can represent more than one thing |
To illustrate an idea, a feeling, or the particular qualities of something; to produce a feeling or an idea; on ap exam, pay attention to how an author creates imagery and to the effect of this imagery |
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Alliteration |
The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words. |
To create a memorable phrase; to reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply a musical sound and or echo the sense of the passage |
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Allusion |
A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event , book, myth, place or work of art. Can be historical, literary, religious, topical,or mythical |
To lend authority to an idea, to make an association with something the reader knows |
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Anaphora |
One of the devices of repetition in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences. |
To create a memorable, powerful effect, to reinforce an idea |
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Repetition |
The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern |
To create a memorable, powerful effect, to reinforce an idea |
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Parrallelism |
Also referred to as parallel construction or parallel structure, it refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. This can involve, but is not limited to, repetition of a grammatical element such as a preposition or verbal phrase. |
To create a memorable, powerful effect, to reinforce an idea; to act as an organizing force to attract the reader's attention, add emphasis and organization, or simply provide a musical rhythm. |
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Tone |
Similar to mode, describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both |
To communicate an attitude towards the subject |
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Undertone |
An attire that may lie under the ostensible tone of the peice. Under a cheery surface, for example, a work may have threatening undertones. |
To communicate an attitude towards the subject that cuts beyond the attitude that appears on the surface |
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Connotations |
The nonliteral, associated meaning of a word; the implied, suggested menaing. May involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes |
To cast the subject in a particular light, to imply |
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Apostrophe |
A figure of speech that directly a dresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. |
To add familiarity or emotional intensity |
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Diction |
Related to style, refers to the writers word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness |
Helps create an author's style; for the ap exam, you should be able to describe an author's diction (for example, formal or informal, ornate or plain) and understand the ways in which diction can complement the author's purpose |
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Irony |
The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true. |
To convey complexity, used to create poignancy or humor |
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Paradox |
A statement that appears to be self- contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity |
To point out an apparent contradiction |
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Anecdote |
A short narrative dealing with particulars of an interesting episode or event. The term most frequently refers to an incident in the life of a person |
To provide a concrete example or humanize an abstract concept |
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Metonymy/synecdoche |
A figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it/a substitution of a part for a whole |
To carry a more potent emotional impact |
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Invective |
An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language |
To ridicule, chastise, or convey contempt |
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Satire |
A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. It can be recognized by the many devices used effectively by the satirist: irony, wit, parody, caricature, hyperbole, understatement, and sarcasm. |
To ridicule or and inspire reform; good sature, often humorous, is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition. |
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Sarcasm |
Involves bitter, caustic language that is Meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something |
To ridicule or criticize; when done well, sarcasm can be witty and insightful; when poorly done, it's simply cruel |
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Parody |
A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/ or ridicule. As comedy, distorts or exaggerates distinctive features of the original. As ridicule, it mimics the work by repeating and borrowing words, phrases, or characteristics in order to illuminate weaknesses in the original. |
To offer enlightenment about the original |
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Personification |
A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by end owing them with human attributes or emotions |
To make the abstractions, animals, or objects appear more vivid to the reader |
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Style |
An evaluation of the sum of choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literally devices. |
To help convey an author's purpose; we can analyze and describe an author's personal style and make judgements on how appropriate it is to the author's purpose |
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Symbol/symbolism |
Anything that represents itself and stands for something else; usually is something concrete - such as an object, action, character, or scene that represents something more abstract. |
To draw attention to an abstraction; on the ap exam try to determine what abstraction an object is a symbol for and to what extent it is successful in representing that abstraction |
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Syntax |
The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, and sentences |
To produce a specific effect |
