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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CONNOTATION vs. DENOTATION |
an idea or meaning suggested by or associated with a word or thing vs. literal definition |
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PEDANTIC vs. SIMPLE |
characterized by a narrow, often ostentatious concern for formality and rules vs. pure, easy, plain and basic |
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MONOSYLLABIC vs. POLYSYLLABIC |
one symbol vs. more than one symbol |
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EUPHONIOUS vs. CACOPHONIC |
pleasing or agreeable to the ear vs. discordant, unpleasing |
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LITERAL vs. FIGURATIVE |
what you see vs. what you get from language, tone and symbol |
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ACTIVE vs. PASSIVE |
subject of sentence is performing or causing the action rather than the state of being vs. subject is the object of the action |
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OVERSTATED vs. UNDERSTATED |
exaggerated vs. expressed with lack of emphasis |
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COLLOQUIAL vs. FORMAL |
informal, conversational vs. formal, proper |
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NON-STANDARD-SLANG/JARGON |
not adhering to the standard, usually associated with a language variety used by uneducated speakers or socially disfavored groups |
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ALLITERATION |
the repeating of initial consonant sounds |
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ONOMATOPOEIA |
the use of words in which their pronunciation suggest their meaning |
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BASIC ORDER |
subject + verb + object |
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INVERTED ORDER |
beginning with a part of speech other than the subject (revealing what sentence is about) |
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LISTING |
a sentence with multiple phrases creating a list |
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CUMULATIVE/LOOSE |
begins with subject and verb and adds modifying elements at the end |
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PERIODIC |
opens with modifiers, withholds subject and verb until the end |
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PARALLELISM-ANTITHESIS |
establishing a clear, contrasting relationship between two ideas by joining them together |
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PARALLELISM-CHIASMUS |
a crossing parallelism where the second part of a grammatical construction is balanced or paralleled by the first part, only in reverse order |
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PARALLELISM-BALANCED |
expressing parallel or like ideas, often compound |
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DECLARATIVE |
declares or states something |
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IMPERATIVE |
commands, requests, or instructs |
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EXCLAMATORY |
expresses strong emotion |
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INTERROGATIVE |
asks a question |
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SIMPLE SENTENCE |
contains at least one subject and at least one predicate |
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COMPOUND SENTENCE |
contains two or more independent clauses |
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COMPLEX SENTENCE |
contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses |
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COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE |
contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses |
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ELLIPSIS |
a rhetorical figure in which one or more words are omitted |
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ASYNDETON |
the omission of a conjunction from a list |
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ANADIPLOSIS |
a rhetorical trope formed by repeating the last word of one phrase, clause or sentence near the very beginning of the next |
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ANAPHORA |
repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or sentences |
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EPISTROPHE |
the repetition of the same word or words at the end of successive phrases, clauses or sentences |
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POLYSYNDETON |
the use of conjunction between each word, phrase or clause |
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PARENTHETICAL ASIDE |
consists of a word, phrase or whole sentence inserted as an aside in the middle of another sentence |
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COLON |
punctuation mark used to divide distinct but related sentence components such as clauses in which the second elaborates on the first |
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SEMI-COLON |
punctuation mark which connects two independent parts of a sentence |
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DASHES |
punctuation mark used to indicate a sudden break in thought, to set off parenthetical material |
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ALLEGORY |
form of extended metaphor in which objects and persons in a narrative are equated with meanings that lie outside the narrative itself |
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY |
the biography of a person written by that person |
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BIOGRAPHY |
an account of a person's life written or told by another |
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CHRONICLE |
an extended account of historical events without interpretation or comment |
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DIARY |
a daily written record of experiences and observations |
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ESSAY |
a short literary composition on a single subject |
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FICTION |
a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily a fact |
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NON-FICTION |
a work that draws its information from history or fact, rather than imagination |
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PARODY |
a literary form in which the style of an author or particular work is mocked in its style for the sake of comic effect |
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PROSE |
writing distinguished from poetry by its greater variety of rhythm and its closer resemblance to the patterns of everyday speech |
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SATIRE |
a literary work which exposes and ridicules human vices or folly |
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SERMON |
an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy |
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STREAM-OF-CONSCIOUSNESS |
a technique that records the multifarious thoughts and feelings of a character without regard to logical or narrative sequence |
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ALLUSION |
an indirect or passing reference to some event, person, place or artistic work |
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AMBIGUITY |
something of doubtful meaning |
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ANACHRONISM |
the representation of someone as existing or something happening in other than chronological, proper or historical order |
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APHORISM |
a brief statement which expresses an observation in life |
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AUDIENCE |
the people the author is speaking to |
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INECTIVE |
abuse (condemnation) |
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JUXTAPOSITION |
placing two things side by side, usually to show contrast |
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MALAPROPISM |
an incorrect usage of a word, usually for comic effect |
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RHETORICAL QUESTION |
a question posed by the speaker or writer not to seek an answer but to make a point |
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SENSORY DETAIL |
an item used to appeal to the sense |
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SHIFT |
a general term in linguistics for any slight alteration in a world's meaning, or creating an entirely new word by changing use of expression |
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TONE |
the writer's attitude towards his reader and his subject, mood or moral view |
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POINT OF VIEW |
a way the events of a story are conveyed to the reader |
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THEME-THESIS |
the message conveyed by a literary work |
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VOICE |
textual features, such as diction and sentence structure, that convey a writer's or speaker's persona |
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ANALOGY |
the comparison of two things, which are alike in several respects, for the purpose of explaining something by showing how the idea is similar |
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APOSTROPHE |
the direct address of a person or personified thing, either present or absent |
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CLICHE |
an expression so often used that its original power has been drained away |
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CONCEIT |
an elaborate, usually intellectually ingenious poetic comparison or image |
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EPITHET |
an adjective appropriately qualifying a subject by naming an important characteristic |
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HYPERBOLE |
exaggeration used for emphasis |
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IMAGERY |
collection of images within a literary work |
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VERBAL IRONY |
the contrast between the literal meaning and what it meant |
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SITUATIONAL IRONY |
the result of an action is the reverse of what the actor expected |
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EXTENDED METAPHOR |
a metaphor which is drawn out beyond the usual word or phrase |
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METONMY |
thing chosen for the metaphorical image is closely related with the subject being compared |
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OXYMORON |
a paradox reduced to two words, usually in an adjective-noun |
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PARADOX |
a statement that seems untrue on the surface, but is true nevertheless |
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PERSONIFICATION |
representation of an animal or inanimate object as having human characteristics |
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PUN |
a play on words |
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SIMILE |
comparing unlike things introduced by "like" or "as" |
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SYNAESTHESIA |
situation where one type of stimulation evokes the sensation of another |
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SYNECDOCHE |
a figure of speech in which a part of something stands for the whole |
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UNDERSTATEMENT |
expressing an idea with lack of emphasis |
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ARGUMENT |
a way of reasoning where a subject is proved correct/incorrect |
