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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A reversal of words in otherwise parallel phrases.
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Chiasmus
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An overused expression.
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Cliche
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The pattern of development that focuses on differences between 2 or more subjects.
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Contrast
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Instructs or presents a moral or religious statement.
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Didactic Language
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Putting yourself in someone elses shoes and imaginging how they feel.
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Empathy
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Sudden realization.
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Epiphany
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Deliberate exaggeration for emphasis or humorous effect.
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Hyperbole
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Humorous misuse of a word.
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Malapropism (pun)
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A comparison or 2 dissimilar things that does not use the words "like" or "as".
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Metaphor
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Someone who explains a story but is not really in the story.
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Narrator
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Two unlike words used to compare an object.
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Oxymoron
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The use of similar grammatical elements within a sentence.
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Parallel Structure
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Romanticises agriculture.
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Pastoral
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Describing concepts or objects as if they were human.
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Personification
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When a word or phrase appears more than once.
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Repetition
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A question asked for effect and not meant to be answered.
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Rhetorical Question
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Fantasies of how life is.
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Romance
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A comparison of 2 dissimilar things using the words "like" or "as".
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Similie
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Deliberate de-emphasis for effect.
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Understatement
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Appealing to one's prejudices, emotions or special interests rather than to one's intellect or reason, attacking an opponenets character rather than answering his argument.
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Ad Hominem
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A representation of and abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms; figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another.
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Allegory
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The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.
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Alliteration
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A reference to another text/historical event.
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Allusion
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Doubtfulness or uncertainty of meaning or intention.
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Ambiguity
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A comparison of 2 dissimilar things.
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Analogy
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The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.
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Anaphora
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A viewpoint opposite to one expressed in a thesis.
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Antithesis
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A short, astute statement of a general truth.
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Aphorism
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A digression in the form of an address to someone not present, or to a personified object or idea.
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Apostrophe
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Something is claimed to be true based on the expertise of an outhority rather than objective facts.
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Appeal to Authority
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An argument for or against a proposition on the basis of a lack of evidence against or for it.
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Appeal to Ignorance
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A statement, reason, or fact for or against a point.
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Argument
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Rhyme in which the same vowel sounds within words.
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Assonance
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Leaving out conjunctions between words and phrases.
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Asyndeton
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Any discussion in which one argues the conclusion as a premise.
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Circular Argument
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The thesis or main point of an essay.
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Claim
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A part of a sentence that contains a subject and a predicate.
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Clause
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The highest or most intense point in the development or resolution of something.
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Climax
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Expressions that are genterally appropriate for conversation and informal writing but not in professional settings.
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Colloquial
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Pattern of development that focuses on similarities and differences between two or more subjects.
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Compare and Contrast
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A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
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Complex Sentence
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A reluctant acknowledgement or yielding.
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Concession
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Group of sentences or paragraphs that bring an essay to a close.
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Conclusion
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Denotes objects or qualities that can be perceived by the senses.
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Concrete Language
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The associations, meanings, or feelings a word suggests beyond its literal meaning.
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Connotation
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Worthy of belief or Trustworthy.
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Credible
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An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses of phrases that supply additional detail.
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Cumulative Sentence
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A sentence that makes a statement.
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Declarative Sentence
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Reasoning from general to specific.
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Deduction
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Explanation of a words meaning.
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Definition
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Literal meaning of a word.
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Denotation
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Pattern of development that presents a word picture of a thing, a person, a situation, or a series of events.
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Description
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Double column journal in which one writes a quotation in one column and reflections on that quotation in the other column.
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Dialectal Journal
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Word choice.
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Diction
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A remark or series of remarks that wander from the main point of discussion.
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Digression
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The formal way of giving credit to the source from which a writer borrows words or ideas.
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Documentation
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The mood or quality that is central to a piece of writing.
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Dominant Impression
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Often used to describe tone.
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Elegiac
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A brief witty statement.
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Epigram
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A Greek term referring to the character or a person.
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Ethos
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Polite term fo an unpleasant concept.
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Euphemism
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Facts and opinions used to support a statement, position, or idea.
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Evidence
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Concrete, specific illustration of a general point.
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Example
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Explanation of a text meaning through an analysis of the literary devices used.
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Explication of Text
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A paragraph, essay, or book-length definition developed by means of one or more rhetorical strategies.
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Extended Definition
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Information that is true of demonstrable.
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Facts
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Statement that resembles a logical argument but is not.
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Fallacy
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Imaginative language used to suggest a special meaning or create a special effect.
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Figurative Speech
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A word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence.
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Fragment
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Urging or strongly encouraging.
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Hortatory
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Use of language that evokes a reader's senses.
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Imagery
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A sentence that requests or commands.
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Imperative Sentence
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Reasoning from specific to general.
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Induction
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Stage of writing in which a writer explores the writing assignment.
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Invention
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A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.
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Inversion
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A contradiction between what is said and what is meant.
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Irony
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Specialized vocabulary of a profession or academic field.
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Jargon
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Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.
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Juxaposition
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An appeal to logic.
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Logos
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Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.
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Metonymy
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A word, phrase, or clause that describes another word, phrase, or clause.
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Modifier
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Turning a verb or adjective into a noun.
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Nominalization
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Detatched, factual picture presented in a plain and direct way.
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Objective Description
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The relative speed of slowness a story is told of an idea is presented.
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Pacing
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A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.
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Paradox
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The restatement of another person's words in one's own words, following the order and emphasis of the original.
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Paraphrase
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A work created to mock, comment on, or poke fun at an original; used for comic effect.
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Parody
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A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion.
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Pathos
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A sentence that builds toward and ends with the main clause.
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Periodic Sentence
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The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author.
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Persona
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The way a writer moves an audience to adopt a belief or follow a course of action.
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Persuasion
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A comparison in which the writer first makes a point about one subject and then follows it with a comparable point about the other subject.
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Point-by-Point Comparison
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An argument against an idea usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.
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Polemic
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The diliberate use of a series of conjunctions.
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Polysyndeton
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A logical fallacy that involves looking back at 2 events that occurred in chronological sequence and wrongly assuming that the first event caused the second.
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Post Hoc Reasoning
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Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise.
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Premise; major, minor
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The pattern of development that presents a series of steps in a procedure in chronological order and shows how this sequence of steps leads to a particular result.
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Process
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A kind of process essay whose purpose is to enable readers to understand a process rather than perform it.
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Process of Explanation
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A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.
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Propaganda
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One's indention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.
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Purpose
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The exact words of a source, enclosed in quotation marks.
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Quotation
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The attempt to counter an opposing argument by revealing its weaknesses.
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Refutation
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The study of effective, persuasive language use.
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Rhetoric
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Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose.
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Rhetoric Modes
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A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience.
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Rhetorical Triangle
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A strategy put forth by psychologist Carl Rogers that rejects the adversarial approach that characterizes many arguments.
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Rogerian Argument
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The phrase that identifies the author of a paraphrase, summary, or quotation.
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Running Acknowledgement
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Deliberately insincere and biting irony.
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Sarcasm
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An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.
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Satire
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A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.
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Scheme
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The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence construtions.
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Sentence Patterns
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Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.
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Sentence Variety
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Language that stereotypes peaople according to gender.
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Sexist Language
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Informal words whose meaning vary from locale to locale or change as time passes.
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Slang
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A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.
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Source
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A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advance in a speech or piece of writing.
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Speaker
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Misrepresenting, then attacking an opponents position.
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Straw Man
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The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words in figures of speech.
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Style
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Basic form of deductive reasoning.
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Syllogism
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A person, event, or object that represents something more than its literal meaning.
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Symbol
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Word with the same basic meaning as another word.
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Synonym
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Sentence structure.
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Syntax
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Combining two or more elements to produce a more credible argument.
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Synthesize
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A statement of the central idea in a work.
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Thesis Statement
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The speaker's attitude toward the subject of audience.
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Tone
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Sentence stating the main idea of a paragraph.
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Topic Sentence
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Method of structuring an argument according to the way arguments occur in everyday life.
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Toulmin Logic
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Words of expressions that link ideas in a piece of writing.
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Transitions
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Use of language in a non-literal way.
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Trope
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Lack of emphasis in a statement or point.
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Understatement
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The desireable attribute of a paragraph in which every sentence relates directly to the main idea.
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Unity
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A distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.
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Voice
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The inference that connects the claim to the grounds.
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Warrant
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Sequence of tasks a writer undertakes when writing an essay.
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Writing Process
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Construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs two or more words in a sentence.
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Zeugma
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