Rhetoric Smu Salinas Final Exam

Front 1

5 cannons

Back 1

Invention
Organization
Style
Memory
Delivery

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Invention

Back 2

the location and creation of the ideas and materials for the speech)
Based on two forms of proof

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What forms of proof is invention based off of

Back 3

External
Internal

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External Proofs

Back 4

proofs used from outside sources the rhetor doesn't create

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Internal Proofs

Back 5

Logos
Pathos
Ethos

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Logos

Back 6

Logical argument

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Pathos

Back 7

Emotional appeal

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Ethos

Back 8

appeal to rhetors character

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organization

Back 9

structure of the speech

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Style

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Language of the speech

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Memory

Back 11

mastery of the subject, which may include actual memorization of the speech

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Delivery

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management of the voice and gestures in the presentation of the speech

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Hegemony

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the privileging of the ideology of one group over that of other groups

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Structuralism

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A series of projects in which linguistics is used as a model for attempts to develop grammers of systems such as myths, novels, and genres.

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Marxism

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analyzing cultural products in therms of the social and economic practices and institutions that produce them

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Deconstructionism (poststructuralism)

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Deconstruct the self-evident to critically analyze the basic structures and assumptions that govern texts and the development of knowledge.

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Postmodernism

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Based on the notion that our culture has moved into a new phase- one that follows the period of modernis, which is the reason of progress in society and privileged the foundation of systematic knowledge.

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Cultural studies

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Focused around the idea that relations of power within a society are embedded in and reproduced through cultural creation.

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Feminism

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Conceptualize feminism as the effort to eliminate relations of donmination not just for women

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Procedures for ideological criticism

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Select artifact
Analyze artifact
Formulate research question
Write critical essay

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What to look for when analyzing artifact for ideological criticism

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Identify presented elements
Identify suggested elements
Formulate an ideology
Identify functions served by ideology

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Presented elements vs. Suggested elements

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Presented: Major arguments, types of images, etc..

Suggested: ideas, references, themes, allusions, or concepts that are suggested by the presented elements

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Tenor

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the topic or subject that is being explained

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Vehicle

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Mechanism or lens through which the topic is viewed

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Classical Metaphor view

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viewed metaphor as ornamental or decoration. (Aristotle; Thomas Hobbes)

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Modern metaphor view

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metaphor is a means of constructing reality containing implicit assumptions, points of view, and evaluations. (Lakoff & Johnson; Kenneth Burke)

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Procedure for Metaphor criticism

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Select artifact
analyze
write essay

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How does a metaphor criticism analyze

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Examine artifact for sense of dimension and context
isolate metaphors
Sort metaphors into groups according to vehicle and tenor
Discover explanation for artifact

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Four characteristics of narratives

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- Comprised of at least two events
- Events are organized by time order (doesn't have to be chronological)
-Events must be related
-Must be about a unified subject

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Procedure of Narrative criticism

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Select artifact
Analyze artifact
Formulate research question
Write essay

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How to analyze narrative criticism

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-Identify objective of narrative
-Identify features of the narrative and how they accomplish the objective
-Asses or evaluate the narrative according to specific object

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Features of a narrative

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Setting
Characters
Narrator
Events
Temporal and Casual Relations
Audience
Theme
Type of narrative
irony

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Burke's Pentad

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Act
Agent
Agency
Scene
Purpose

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Agent

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Who's involved in the action?

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Act

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What happened? Whats the action? What is going on?

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Agency

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How do the agents act? By what means do they act?

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Scene

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Where is the act happening? What is the background situation?

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Purpose

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Why do the agents act? What do they want?

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Guilt-Redemption cycle

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order(or hierarchy), the negative, victimage (scapegoat or mortification), and redemption.

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Order or Hierarchy

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Society is a dramatic process in which hierarchy forms structure through power relationships. We feel guilt as a result of our place in the hierarchy

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The Negative

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The negative comes into play when people see their place in the social order and seek to reject it. Burke coined the phrase "rotten with perfection", which means that because our symbols allow us to imagine perfection, we always feel guilty about the difference between the reality and the perfection.

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Victimage

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Victimage is the process of scapegoating

universal scapegoating, the speaker blames everyone for the problem
fractional scapegoating, the speaker blames a specific group or a specific person for their problems

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Redemption

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This is a confession of guilt by the speaker and a request for forgiveness. Normally, these people are sentenced to a certain punishment so they can reflect and realize their sins.

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Cohesion

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how well does the story hang together, is it missing any elements?

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Fidelity

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how much of the story reigns true? How consistent is the story we head? How consistent is the story with other stories we have heard?