Rhetoric

Front 1

Plato

Back 1

Most famous student of Socrates, first great enemy of rhetoric

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Plato

Back 2

Certain and uncertain truths can be discovered about every question

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Plato

Back 3

Dialectic is the method of inquiry that can lead to true knowledge

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Socrates

Back 4

Rhetoric does not lead to power if it does not land to knowledge; dialectic is the preferred type of discourse that can lead to knowledge

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Dialectic

Back 5

two people talking with questioning and answering... generates understanding concerning the ideal form.

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Plato

Back 6

Rhetoric is not an art, its a knack. Rhetoric does not confer true power. Rhetoric as a protection against suffering wrong is of little importance. Rhetoric as a means of escaping a deserved punishment is equally as wrong.

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Socrates

Back 7

Rhetoric is not an art, it is just some natural knack someone has in the art of persuasion.

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Socrates

Back 8

To commit a crime and escape the punishment.

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Cicero

Back 9

Three things are requisite for finding argument- genius, method and diligence.

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Cicero

Back 10

"We have to work the minds of the judges, that love may be gained if you seem to advocate what is advantageous to the persons before whom you are speaking."

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Cicero

Back 11

A speech is an assembly of wise men. A speech to the people requires all force, weight, and various colorings of eloquence, for persuading, nothing is more desirable than worth"

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Roman Rhetoric

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Reason and speech are two gifts given to man- dialectic is the theory of reason, grammar and rhetoric applies to speech.

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Quintillian

Back 13

Stressed adapting to an audience rather than following rigid rhetorical methods

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Quintillian

Back 14

Says speaker should do what is expedient and becoming.

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Quintillian

Back 15

Known for canons of rhetoric.

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Quintillian

Back 16

Perfect orator should be:
A) a good man
B) Not having only gifts of speech but also character

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Quintillian

Back 17

An orator speaking has to be distinguished and not just a good orator

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Quintillian

Back 18

Believes the teacher should kindly pave the path for students to turn into good people who can become orators.

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Ramus

Back 19

16th century French scholar who only thought of rhetoric in terms of style, and not as in being able to generate argument.

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Ramus

Back 20

Main point is to separate reason from rhetoric

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Ramus

Back 21

Believes the art of dialectic and rhetoric have been confused by Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintillian.

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Quintillian

Back 22

"The orator cannot be perfect unless he is a good man. Consequently I demand from him not only outstanding skill in speaking but all the virtues of the character." The characteristics are justice, courage, self-control, prudence, etc...

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Ramus

Back 23

"A definition of any artist which covers more than is included in the rules of his art is included in the rules of his art is superfluous and defective. RHETORIC IS NOT AN ART THAT EXPLAINS ALL THE VIRTUOUS QUALITIES OF CHARACTER.

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Bacon

Back 24

Talks about idols (of the tribe, market place, cave and theatre

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Idols of cave

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Idols of the individual man

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Idols in market place

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formed by interaction of men

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Locke

Back 27

English Philosopher from 1632-1704 who argued that language often posed obstacles to understanding and needed to be improved or purified to make words match reality more closely.

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Locke

Back 28

Disdained rhetoric because he believed it was taught incorrectly in his day. for example: he believed it resulted naturally from practice and habit.

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Locke

Back 29

"Since the links between language and reality were created rather than natural, the link could be created faultily."

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Burke (Grammar of Motives)

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Concerned with basic form of thought who used five terms for investigation: act, scene, agent, agency and purpose.

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Act

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Names that took place in thought or deed

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Scene

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The background of the act, the situation in which it occured

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Agent

Back 33

the person that performed the act

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Agency

Back 34

the instruments he or she used

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Purpose

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Why he or she said or did it

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20th century

Back 36

Electronic Media allows for a more widespread audience... allows for power to be more widespread and have more an immediate impact. Rhetorical margin has shrunk. new minority groups have impact with rhetoric. Public opinion is more important than ever. Audiences are more active than ever cause they have access to discourse so readily and easily.

Front 37

Vico

Back 37

Born in Italy, he considered himself self-taught and was a professor of eloquence and he trained law students.

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Vico

Back 38

Examined the growing respect for scientific, mathematical and logical methods of ancients, the classical Greeks and Romans.

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Vico

Back 39

believes there is a need to integrate and unify different kinds of learning. complained that students of his time lacked coherence in learning.

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Olbrects-Tyteca and Perelman

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Believed dialectic and rhetoric were counterparts just like Aristotle thought. Dialectic provided an underlying theory of how argument works while rhetoric provided a theory of how argument might be applied in particular circumstances so as to influence human decisions.

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O-T and P

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Use traditional theory and apply it to the modern centuries... stress the nature of argument as responsive to previous statements and anticipatory of future replies. Speak of the universal audience as well.

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O-T and P

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says how an audience is bigger than just the direct audience, that it goes to all the other people internationally.

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O-T and P

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says it is the audience which has the major role in determining the quality of an argument and the behavior of an orator.

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Campbell

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Major theorist of women's rhetoric who based her work upon recovery of female work that was lost or overlooked.

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Campbell

Back 45

If a woman did speak, she was trying to be a man. If she could hold her own she was viewed as unwomanly, masculine, aggressive and cold.

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Foucault

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French scholar who studied the ways that societies use discourse to create structures of relationships and empower and disempower people.

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Foucault

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Says people fear the world of discourse and that there is anxiety to it.

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Maxim

Back 48

a statement about things that are objects of action. conclusions of enthymemes

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Inartistic proofs

Back 49

things there are

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Artistic proofs

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things that the speaker creates in the audience.ethos pathos and logos

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Deliberative rhetoric

Back 51

Art of persuading the audience to take action

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Forensic Rhetoric

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Making a case in court of law

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Epideictic Rhetoric

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use of powerfully effective language to praise or blame someone

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Genres of rhetoric

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deliberative, forensic, epideictic

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5 canons of rhetoric

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Invention, arrangement, memory, style, delivery

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Vico

Back 56

Criticism is the art of true speech

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Grammar of motives

Back 57

Act, Scene, Agent, Agency, Purpose