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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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credit mobilier
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a construction company controlled by an inner ring on the union pacific. it bribed congressmen and state legislators to avoid investigation of its activites.
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trunk lines
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they were made to link eastern seaports with the rich traffic of the great lkes and western rivers. They draw traffic from dozens of fedder lines and carried it to major markets.
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railroad gauge
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the distance between the rails. they ranged from four feet to six feet. without special equipment, trains of one gauge could not run on tracks of another.
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J. Edgar Thomson
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built the fourth railroad trunk line, known as the pennsylvania railroad, with thomas scott. it ran from philadephia to pittsburgh.
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thomas scott
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he expanded the pennsylvania system to cincinnati, indianapolis, st louis, and chicago in 1869; new york in 1871; and baltimore and washington soon after that.
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JD Rockefeller
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a young merchant from cleveland. at 24, he built the standard oil company. he considered competition wasteful.
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Andrew Carnegie
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emerged as the undisputed master of the industry. he became a divisional superintendent. he plunged into the steel ndustry in 1872.
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vertical integration
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a type of organization in which a single company owns and controls the entire process from the unearthing of the raw materials to the manufacture and sale of the finished product.
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bessemer process
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it demanded extensive capial investment, abundant raw materials, and sophisticated production techniques.
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knights of labor
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also known as the noble and holy order of the knights of labor. founded in 1869, the labor organization pursued broad - gauged reforms as much as practical issues such as wages and hours. unlike the american federation of labor, the knights of labor welcomed all laborers regardless of race, gender, or skill.
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homestead strike
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in july 1892, wage cutting at andrew carnegies homestead steel plant in pittsburgh provoked a violent strike in which 3 company hired detectives and 10 workers died. using ruthless force and strikebreakers, company officials effectively broke the strike and destroyed the union.
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chinese exclusion act
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legislation passed in 1882 that excluded chinese immigrant workers for ten years and denied U.S citizenship to chinese nationals living in the United States. It was the first U.S exclusionary law that was aimed at a specific racial group.
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