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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Features of the Order Rhabditida |
Rhabditiform oesophagus Tiny nematodes Most species free living Most feed on bacteria |
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Life cycle of Rhabditida |
Direct egg - L1 - L2 - [L3] - L4 - Male/female |
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Two main families of the order Rhabditida |
Rhabditidae Strongyloididae |
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Rhabditidae genera |
Rhabditis and Micronema
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Strongyloididae genus |
Strongyloides |
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Strongyloides species of ruminants |
S. papillosus
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Strongyloides species of pigs |
S. ransomi |
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Strongyloides species of horses |
S. westeri |
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Strongyloides species of dog, cat and man |
S. stercoralis |
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Strongyloides species of cat |
S. cati (and S. stercoralis) |
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Strongyloides species of primates |
S. fuelleborni |
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Strongyloides species of kangaroos |
Un-named |
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Host specificity and location of genus Strongyloides |
Moderately host specific Most in small intestine (kangaroos in stomach) |
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What does parthenogenetic female mean? |
Produce offspring without fertilised eggs No parasitic males have ever been found |
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Life cycle of Strongyloides |
Heterogonic: Free-living Homogonic: Parasitic |
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Rhabiditiform vs strongyliform larvae |
Free-living: Rhabiditiform Parasitic: Strongyliform |
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How long do Strongyloides eggs take to hatch? |
Eggs hatch quickly 6 hours |
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Pre-patent period of Strongyloides |
Short 5-12 days |
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Species where auto-infection occurs |
S. stercoralis |
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Species where prenatal infection occurs |
S. ransomi |
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Species where trans-colostral infection occurs |
S. ransomi and S. westeri |
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S. ransomi three stages of pathogenesis |
Invasive: dermatitis Pulmonary: pneumonia Intestinal: diarrhoea, reduced growth rate (parasitic female burrows into small intestine) |
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S. ransomi pathogenesis |
Major disease problem Prenatal and transcolostral infection Larve survive for 3 weeks Must eliminate moist conditions in environment |
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S. papillosus pathogenesis |
Parasitic nematodes usually only cause problems in large numbers |
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S. westeri pathogenesis |
Transcolostral infection important in diarrhoea in foals 2 weeks old |
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S. stercoralis pathogenesis |
Can remain dormant for 37 years Fulminant infections develop due to autoinfection if immunosuppression occurs |
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S. fuelleborni pathogenesis |
Serious pathogen in great apes
Zoonotic |
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Un-named species in kangaroos pathogenesis |
Occurs in stomach Causes mortality in young captive animals |
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Diagnosis of Strongyloides |
Eggs: faecal flotation Larvae: Baermann technique In vitro culture Serodiagnosis: ELISA |
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Treatment of Strongyloides |
Ivermectin Oxibendazole |
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In which species are Stronglyoides mainly a problem in? |
Pigs and foals |
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Control of larvae |
Un-sheathed thus susceptible to dessication Survive for about 3 weeks under favourable conditions |
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Other rhabditids |
Accidental parasites Rhabditis strongyloides Micronema gingivalis |
