Rfums Forearm Hand Clinical Anatomy

Front 1

What area is the location of origin of many of the superficial flexor muscles of forearm?

Back 1

Medial Epicondyle

Front 2

What originates in the lateral epicondyle?

Back 2

Superficial extensor muscles

Front 3

What joints are distal to the elbow?

Back 3

Radioulnar- which are the radiocarpal and the metacarpalphalangeal and interphalangeal joints

Front 4

What is the bone associated with the elbow?

Back 4

Olecranon

Front 5

What divides the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments?

Back 5

The interoseous membrane

Front 6

What is a break of the distal radius called?

Back 6

Colle's Fracture- gives a look called dinner fork abnormality

Front 7

What might also be fractured in a break of distal radius?

Back 7

Scaphoid bone, lunate bone may also dislocate

Front 8

When scaphoid bone and lunate bone may dislocate what might happen?

Back 8

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 9

When there is fracture of the scaphoid bone- what is the area called

Back 9

Anatomical snuff box

Front 10

What carpal bones are in proximal row?

Back 10

From lateral to medial- scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Front 11

What carpal bones are in the distal row?

Back 11

From lateral to medial- trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate.

Front 12

What is distinctive feature of hamate bone?

Back 12

Hook

Front 13

How many phalanges do finger digits 2-5 have?

Back 13

3- proximal, middle and distal

Front 14

How many phalanges does the thumb have?

Back 14

2- proximal and a distal phalanx

Front 15

What lies and makes up the carpal tunnel?

Back 15

The roof of it is the flexor retinaculum- median nerve, flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons.

Front 16

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Back 16

Compression of median nerve from decreased carpal tunnel space- loss of sensation, pain.

Front 17

What is cutaneous innervation of the very top of the shoulder?

Back 17

Supraclavicular nerves- C3-4

Front 18

What is does axillary nerve sensory innervate

Back 18

Upper lateral arm

Front 19

What do branches of radial nerve innervate?

Back 19

Lower lateral arm

Front 20

What do branches of the medial brachial cutaneous nerve innervate?

Back 20

Medial skin of arm

Front 21

What do branches of the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

Back 21

Lateral forearm

Front 22

What does the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervate?

Back 22

Medial forearm

Front 23

What does radial nerve cutaneously innervate?

Back 23

middle posterior forearm

Front 24

What happens when there is flattening of the thenar eminence?

Back 24

Ape hand- slow atrophy of thenar related to carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 25

Where are the positions of the cephalic and the basilic vein?

Back 25

Cephalic- lateral anterior forearm
Basilic- medial side of forearm

Front 26

What connects basilic and cephalic vein at front of elbow?

Back 26

Median cubital vein- site of most blood draws

Front 27

Describe course of cephalic vein

Back 27

superiorly it passes between deltoid and pec major into deltopectoral triange- empties into axillary vein

Front 28

What vein is in center of forearm?

Back 28

Median antebrachial vein

Front 29

What does the brachial artery bifurcate into?

Back 29

The ulnar and radial arteries

Front 30

What does the ulnar artery branch to?

Back 30

It is the larger terminal branch- gives off anterior and a posterior ulnar recurrent artery- to commen interosseous artery

Front 31

What does the radial artery branch off to?

Back 31

Radial recurrent artery- passes posterior to lateral wrist and deep palmar arch artery

Front 32

What joint cause supination and pronation of the forearm?

Back 32

Radioulnar joints

Front 33

What bone moves during pronation of lower ulna?

Back 33

Distal radius bone

Front 34

What happens with sublaxation and dislocation of the head of the radius?

Back 34

Tear anular ligament- strips radial head to ulna- nursemaid's elbow.

Front 35

Where does flexion, hyperextension and extension occur in fingers?

Back 35

Metacarpal-phalangeal joints

Front 36

Where does flexion and extension occur only in the fingers?

Back 36

Interphalangeal joints

Front 37

What is another name for thumb?

Back 37

Pollex

Front 38

What is another name for finger?

Back 38

Digitorum

Front 39

What nerve innervates muscles of the posterior forearm?

Back 39

Radial nerve

Front 40

What muscles are in the superficial posterior forearm?

Back 40

All extensors- carpi radialis brevis, longus. Carpi ulnaris. Digitorum and minimi.

Front 41

What muscles are in the deep posterior forearm?

Back 41

Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and longus, and extensor indicis

Front 42

What is the exception muslce with posterior forearm the flexes elbow?

Back 42

Brachioradialis

Front 43

What do the tendons of the posterior compartment pass below?

Back 43

Extensor retinaculum- holds extensor tendons in place

Front 44

What is lateral epicondylitis?

Back 44

Tennis elbow- stress of common tendon of origin region of the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm at lateral epicondyle

Front 45

Describe brachioradialis muscle O, I, N, F, A

Back 45

O- lower lateral humerus
I styloid process of radius
N- Radial nerve
F- flexes forearm
A- radial recurrent arm.

Front 46

Describe extensor carpi radialis longus-

Back 46

O- lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I- base of second metacarpal
N- Radial
F- extend wrist
A- radial a and radial recurrent

Front 47

Describe the extensor carpi radialis brevis-

Back 47

O- lateral epicondyle
I- 3rd metacarpal
N- Radial
F- extends wrist, laterally abducts hand
A- radial, radial recurrent

Front 48

Describe extensor carpi ulnaris-

Back 48

O- lateral epicondyle
I- 5th metacarpal
N- Radial
F- extends wrist- medially abducts
A- posterior interosseious

Front 49

Describe extensor digitorum-

Back 49

O- lateral epicondyle
I- lateral and dorsal phalanges of medial 4 digits
N- Radial
F- extend fingers, assist in wrist extension
A- posterior interosseus

Front 50

Describe extensor digiti minimi-

Back 50

O- lateral epicondyle
I- Proximal phalanx 5th digit
N- Radial
F- Extends 5th digit
A- posterior interosseuous

Front 51

What causes wrist drop?

Back 51

Radial nerve damage

Front 52

What forms the extensor hood?

Back 52

The extensor digitorum tendon. It is a lateral expansion of this.

Front 53

What in the fuck is Mallet Finger?

Back 53

Avulsion of the extensor digitorum tendon from its attachment to the distal phalanx.

Front 54

Where is the snuff box?

Back 54

Between the extensor pollicis longus and brevis- with the floor lying in scaphoid and trapezium bones

Front 55

What causes swelling of the snuff box?

Back 55

Fractures of scaphoid and/or trapezium bones

Front 56

What important artery crosses the floor of the snuff box?

Back 56

Radial artery

Front 57

Describe abductor pollicis longus-

Back 57

O- post. ulna, IO membrane, middle radius
I- lateral first metacarpal
N- radial
F abducts thumb, wrist
A posterior interosseous

Front 58

Describe extensor pollicis brevis-

Back 58

O- post. radius, io membrane
I- base of prox. phalanx of thumb
N- Radial
F- extends proximal thumb
A- posterior io artery

Front 59

Describe extensor pollicis longus-

Back 59

O- middle post. ulna, IO membrane
I base of distal phalanx thumb
N- Radial
F- extends distal thumb
A- posterior interosseus

Front 60

Describe extensor indicis-

Back 60

O- distal posterior ulna-
I- proximal phalynx index finger
N- radial
F- extends index finger
A- posterior interosseuous

Front 61

Describe supinator muscle-

Back 61

SUPINATOR
Origin: lateral epicondyle,
superior lateral ulna
Insertion: lateral and
anterior upper radius
Nerve: deep branch of
radial
Function: supinates
forearm
Artery: radial recurrent,
posterior interosseus

Front 62

What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve do?

Back 62

Purely sensory, innervates skin on the dorsum of wrist, hand, thumb, and lateral fingers.

Front 63

Describe the deep branch of radial nerve

Back 63

Larger motor branch

Front 64

What are the superficial anterior muscles of forearm?

Back 64

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

Front 65

What are the intermediate anterior muscles of forearm?

Back 65

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Front 66

What are the deep anterior muslces of forearm?

Back 66

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus

Front 67

What is main job of anterior forearm?

Back 67

Flexor-pronator compartment- flex and abduct the hand at wrist, flex digits, pronate forearm.

Front 68

What is the main nerve suppy to anterior foreamr

Back 68

Median nerve

Front 69

How does the median nerve enter the forearm?

Back 69

Passes Between two heads of pronator teres

Front 70

What is the muscles in deepest compartment of anterior forearm?

Back 70

Pronator quadratus

Front 71

Describe pronator teres muslce-

Back 71

Origin: humeral (superficial)
head - medial epicondyle via
common flexortendon;
ulnar (deep) head - coronoid
process of ulna
Insertion: lateral mid-radius
Nerve: median
Function: pronates forearm;
flexes elbow.
Artery: anterior ulnar recurrent

Front 72

Describe pronator quadratus muslce-

Back 72

Origin: distal anterior ulna
Insertion: distal lateral radius
Nerve: median
Function: pronates forearm
Artery: anterior median n. interosseus

Front 73

What are the three superficial muscles that cross wrist and act on it?

Back 73

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris and palmaris longus

Front 74

Describe the flexor carpi radialis-

Back 74

Origin: medial epicondyle via
common flexor tendon
Insertion: base of 2nd & 3rd
metacarpal bones
Nerve: median
Function: flexes wrist, radially
abducts hand; assists with elbow
flexion.
Artery: radial

Front 75

Describe the palmar longus-

Back 75

Origin: medial epicondyle via
common flexor tendon
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Nerve: median
Function: flexes wrist, assists
with elbow flexion.
Artery: posterior ulnar
recurrent

Front 76

What superficial anterior forearm muscle is missing in 12 percent of people?

Back 76

The palmar longus

Front 77

Describe the flexor carpi ulnaris-

Back 77

Origin: humeral head: medial
epicondyle via common flexor
tendon; ulnar head: olecranon
Insertion: pisiform, hamate &
5th metacarpal
Nerve: ulnar
Function: flexes wrist, medially
abducts hand; assists with elbow
flexionu
Artery: posterior ulnar recurrent

Front 78

What is the muscle of anterior forearm that isn't innervated by median nerve?

Back 78

The flexor carpi- ulnar nerve

Front 79

Describe the flexor digitorum superficialis-

Back 79

Origin: humeral head: medial
epicondyle via common flexor
tendon; ulnar head: coronoid
process, radial head: anterior
radius
Insertion: middle phalanx of
medial 4 digits
Nerve: median
Function: flexes middle and
proximal phalanges, aids in
flexing wrist and forearm
Artery: radial and ulnar

Front 80

Describe the flexor digitorum profundus

Back 80

Origin: medial anterior ulna and
interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanges of
medial 4 digits
Nerve: median and ulnar (1/2)
Function: flexes distal phalanges,
aids in flexing wrist and forearm
Artery: ulnar and anterior
interosseous

Front 81

Describe flexor pollicis longus-

Back 81

Origin: anterior surface of
radius, coronoid process of
ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of
thumb on palmar side
Nerve: median
Function: flexes distal
phalanx of thumb, aids in
flexing wrist
Artery: anterior interosseous

Front 82

What happens to superficial digital flexor tendons at proximal phalynx?

Back 82

Split- lateral 2 bands pass to insert on base of middle phalanx.

Front 83

What supplies the tendons of phalanges?

Back 83

Periosteum, carried in vincula tendinae= 2 short and one long

Front 84

What is main nerve of anterior compartment of forearm?

Back 84

Median nerve

Front 85

Where does median nerve branch from?

Back 85

Lateral and medial cords of brachial plexus

Front 86

Where does ulnar nerve come from?

Back 86

Branch of medial cord of brachial plexus enters forearm from behind the medial epicondyle of humerus