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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
At what vertebral level is the hyoid bone located?
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C3
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At what vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage of the larynx located?
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C6
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What is especially unique about the cricoid cartilage of the larynx?
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It is the only complete ring in the respiratory system.
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The Platysma muscle is embedded in what?
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Superficial fascia
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What is the origin of the Platysma muscle?
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Fascia and skin over the Deltoid and Pec Major (arises from superficial fascia)
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The Platysma Muscle inserts where?
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Inferior border of the mandible and skin of the lower face
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Which nerve innervates the Platysma Muscle?
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Cervical branch of CN VII (facial nerve)
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Which arteries supply the Platysma Muscle?
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Submental branch of the Facial artery
and Suprasternal branch of the Suprascapular artery (off the Thyrocervical trunk) |
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What is the action of the Platysma muscle?
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Facial expression (Depresses lower jaw and lip, tenses and ridges skin of neck)
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The large, superficial muscles that divide the neck into two major triangles are known as:
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Sternocleidomastoid Muscles
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What is the origin of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles?
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(Sterno) Sternal head: Anterior surface of Manubrium
(Cleido) Clavicular head: Superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle |
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What is the insertion of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles?
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-Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone
-Lateral half of superior nuchal line of occipital bone |
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What nerves innervate the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles?
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CN XI (Accessory) and C2/C3 ventral ramus
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Which arteries supply the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles?
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-Suprascapular (off thyrocervical trunk)
-SCM branch of Superior Thyroid, Occipital and Posterior Auriculars (all from external carotid artery) |
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What action do the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles have?
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Alone: Tilts head to own side and rotates chin superiorly.
Together: Flexes the neck. |
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Contraction of one side's sternocleidomastoid muscle resulting in fibrosis can result in what disorder?
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Torticollis (nicknamed dog head disorder, piggy tail disorder, wryneck, etc.)
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The external jugular vein drains most of the same side's scalp and face into what structure?
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Subclavian vein
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After crossing over the sternocleidomastoid muscle, what does the external jugular vein pierce/where does it go?
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Pierces the fascial roof of the posterior triangle and then drains to subclavian.
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Which four branches of nerves in the cervical plexus emerge from the fascia covering the posterior triangle?
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1. Lesser Occipital nerve
2. Great Auricular Nerve 3. Transverse Cervical 4. Medial, intermediate, lateral supraclavicular nerves (these 3 considered number 4) |
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What nerve is located superiorly to the scalp and posteriorly to the ear?
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Lesser Occipital Nerve
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Which nerve pierces inferior and travels superiorly and anteriorly to the lesser occipital nerve?
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Great Auricular Nerve
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Which major nerve travels anteriorly, pierces the platysma, and then goes to the skin over the anterior triangle?
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Transverse Cervical nerve
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What is the area named posterior to the Sternocleidomastoid?
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Erb's Point
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Which major nerve supplies the skin over the anterior chest and shoulder?
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Supraclavicular nerves (Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral)
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What are the 3 boundaries of the Posterior Triangle?
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Anterior: SCM posterior border
Posterior: Trapezius anterior border Inferior: Middle 1/3 of clavicle |
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What makes up the roof of the Posterior Triangle?
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The space between the trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid. (covered by deep aka "investing" fascia)
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Which 6 muscles make up the floor of the Posterior Triangle?
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1. Splenius capitus
2. Levator scapulae 3. Scalenus anterior 4. Medius capitus 5. Posterior capitus 6. Semispinalis capitus |
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List the following components of the Splenius Capitus:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve innervation |
1. Origin: Lower 1/2 of ligamentum nuchae and C7-T5 spines
2. Insertion: Mastoid of temporal bone and lateral superior nuchal line 3. Nerve innervation: Lateral branch of dorsal rami of middle/lower cervical spinal |
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List the following components of the Levator Scapulae:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve innervation |
1. Origin: C1-C4 transverse process
2. Insertion: Superior angle of the scapula 3.Nerve innervation: Ventral rami of C3-C4 |
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List the following componenets of the Scalenus Anterior:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve innervation 4. Action |
1. Origin: C3-C6 transverse process
2. Insertion: Scalene tubercle and upper surface of 1st rib 3. Nerve innervation: C4-C7 ventral rami 4. Action: elevates 1st rib in inspiration |
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List the following componenets of the Scalenus Medius (Lateral to Anterior Scalene):
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve innervation 4. Action |
1. Origin: C1-C7 transverse process
2. Insertion: Superior surface of 1st rib 3. Nerve innervation: C3-C7 ventral rami 4. Action: elevates 1st rib in inspiration |
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List the following components of the Scalenus Posterior:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve innervation 4. Action |
1. Origin: C4-C6 transverse process
2. Insertion: Superior border of 2nd rib 3. Nerve innervation: C5-C7 ventral rami 4. Action: Elevates 2nd rib in inspiration |
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Where is the Semispinalis capitus located?
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At the apex of the posterior triangle, under the posterior edge of the splenius capitus.
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The anterior, middle, and posterior scalenes receive their blood supply from which vessel?
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The Ascending cervical branch of the Inferior thyroid artery.
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The Inferior Thyroid Artery is a branch of which vessel?
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The Thyrocervical trunk
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Which two main arteries arise from the Thyrocervical trunk of the Subclavian Artery?
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1. Transverse Cervical Artery
2. Suprascapular Artery |
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Where are the roots and trunks of the Brachial Plexus seen?
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Between the Scalenus Anterior and Scalenus Medius, from ventral Rami of C5-T1
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What nerve of the Posterior Triangle lies deep to the Internal Jugular vein and Sternocleidomastoid muscle?
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The Cervical Plexus
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The Cervical Plexus is formed by the Ventral rami of which vertebrae?
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C1-C4
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Which nerve in the Posterior triangle runs along the anterior surface of the Anterior Scalene?
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Phrenic Nerve
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Which nerve of the posterior triangle is also called the "Nerve to the Rhomboids?"
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Dorsal Scapular Nerve
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From where does the Dorsal Scapular nerve arise?
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From the Ventral ramus of C5
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The Dorsal Scapular nerve is associated with/pierces which muscle?
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Middle Scalene (Scalenus Medius)
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All 3 scalene muscles assist in inspiration by doing what?
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Elevating the ribs
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Which nerve enters near the superior 1/3 of the Posterior triangle and passes postoinferiorly, and then deep to the trapezius?
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Accessory Nerve
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What is the origin of the Lesser Occipital nerve?
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C2
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What is the origin of the Great Auricular nerve?
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C2/C3
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What is the origin of the Transverse Cervical nerve?
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C2/C3
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What is the origin of the Supraclavicular nerve?
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C3/C4
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What are the two subdivisions of the Posterior triangle?
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Supraclavicular (Omoclavicular Triangle) and Occipital Triangle
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Which of the two subdivisions of the posterior triangle is bordered by the INFERIOR edge of the inferior belly of the Omohyoid and the clavicle?
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Supraclavicular (Omoclavicular Triangle)
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Which of the two subdivisions of the posterior triangle is bordered by the SUPERIOR edge of the inferior belly of the Omohyoid and the trapezius?
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Occipital Triangle
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Describe the two frequent arrangements of blood supply to the trapezius and rhomboids.
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1. From the thyrocervical trunk, the Transverse cervical artery divides into a superficial branch to supply the trapezius and a deep branch to supply the rhomboids.
OR 2. From the thyrocervical trunk, the transverse cervical artery supplies the trapezius, while a separate artery called the Descending scapular artery comes directly off the subclavian and supplies the rhomboids. |