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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
At what vertebral level is the hyoid bone located?
C3
At what vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage of the larynx located?
C6
What is especially unique about the cricoid cartilage of the larynx?
It is the only complete ring in the respiratory system.
The Platysma muscle is embedded in what?
Superficial fascia
What is the origin of the Platysma muscle?
Fascia and skin over the Deltoid and Pec Major (arises from superficial fascia)
The Platysma Muscle inserts where?
Inferior border of the mandible and skin of the lower face
Which nerve innervates the Platysma Muscle?
Cervical branch of CN VII (facial nerve)
Which arteries supply the Platysma Muscle?
Submental branch of the Facial artery

and

Suprasternal branch of the Suprascapular artery (off the Thyrocervical trunk)
What is the action of the Platysma muscle?
Facial expression (Depresses lower jaw and lip, tenses and ridges skin of neck)
The large, superficial muscles that divide the neck into two major triangles are known as:
Sternocleidomastoid Muscles
What is the origin of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles?
(Sterno) Sternal head: Anterior surface of Manubrium

(Cleido) Clavicular head: Superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle
What is the insertion of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles?
-Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone

-Lateral half of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
What nerves innervate the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles?
CN XI (Accessory) and C2/C3 ventral ramus
Which arteries supply the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles?
-Suprascapular (off thyrocervical trunk)

-SCM branch of Superior Thyroid, Occipital and Posterior Auriculars (all from external carotid artery)
What action do the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles have?
Alone: Tilts head to own side and rotates chin superiorly.

Together: Flexes the neck.
Contraction of one side's sternocleidomastoid muscle resulting in fibrosis can result in what disorder?
Torticollis (nicknamed dog head disorder, piggy tail disorder, wryneck, etc.)
The external jugular vein drains most of the same side's scalp and face into what structure?
Subclavian vein
After crossing over the sternocleidomastoid muscle, what does the external jugular vein pierce/where does it go?
Pierces the fascial roof of the posterior triangle and then drains to subclavian.
Which four branches of nerves in the cervical plexus emerge from the fascia covering the posterior triangle?
1. Lesser Occipital nerve
2. Great Auricular Nerve
3. Transverse Cervical
4. Medial, intermediate, lateral supraclavicular nerves (these 3 considered number 4)
What nerve is located superiorly to the scalp and posteriorly to the ear?
Lesser Occipital Nerve
Which nerve pierces inferior and travels superiorly and anteriorly to the lesser occipital nerve?
Great Auricular Nerve
Which major nerve travels anteriorly, pierces the platysma, and then goes to the skin over the anterior triangle?
Transverse Cervical nerve
What is the area named posterior to the Sternocleidomastoid?
Erb's Point
Which major nerve supplies the skin over the anterior chest and shoulder?
Supraclavicular nerves (Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral)
What are the 3 boundaries of the Posterior Triangle?
Anterior: SCM posterior border
Posterior: Trapezius anterior border
Inferior: Middle 1/3 of clavicle
What makes up the roof of the Posterior Triangle?
The space between the trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid. (covered by deep aka "investing" fascia)
Which 6 muscles make up the floor of the Posterior Triangle?
1. Splenius capitus
2. Levator scapulae
3. Scalenus anterior
4. Medius capitus
5. Posterior capitus
6. Semispinalis capitus
List the following components of the Splenius Capitus:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Nerve innervation
1. Origin: Lower 1/2 of ligamentum nuchae and C7-T5 spines

2. Insertion: Mastoid of temporal bone and lateral superior nuchal line

3. Nerve innervation: Lateral branch of dorsal rami of middle/lower cervical spinal
List the following components of the Levator Scapulae:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Nerve innervation
1. Origin: C1-C4 transverse process

2. Insertion: Superior angle of the scapula

3.Nerve innervation: Ventral rami of C3-C4
List the following componenets of the Scalenus Anterior:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Nerve innervation
4. Action
1. Origin: C3-C6 transverse process

2. Insertion: Scalene tubercle and upper surface of 1st rib

3. Nerve innervation: C4-C7 ventral rami

4. Action: elevates 1st rib in inspiration
List the following componenets of the Scalenus Medius (Lateral to Anterior Scalene):
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Nerve innervation
4. Action
1. Origin: C1-C7 transverse process

2. Insertion: Superior surface of 1st rib

3. Nerve innervation: C3-C7 ventral rami

4. Action: elevates 1st rib in inspiration
List the following components of the Scalenus Posterior:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Nerve innervation
4. Action
1. Origin: C4-C6 transverse process

2. Insertion: Superior border of 2nd rib

3. Nerve innervation: C5-C7 ventral rami

4. Action: Elevates 2nd rib in inspiration
Where is the Semispinalis capitus located?
At the apex of the posterior triangle, under the posterior edge of the splenius capitus.
The anterior, middle, and posterior scalenes receive their blood supply from which vessel?
The Ascending cervical branch of the Inferior thyroid artery.
The Inferior Thyroid Artery is a branch of which vessel?
The Thyrocervical trunk
Which two main arteries arise from the Thyrocervical trunk of the Subclavian Artery?
1. Transverse Cervical Artery
2. Suprascapular Artery
Where are the roots and trunks of the Brachial Plexus seen?
Between the Scalenus Anterior and Scalenus Medius, from ventral Rami of C5-T1
What nerve of the Posterior Triangle lies deep to the Internal Jugular vein and Sternocleidomastoid muscle?
The Cervical Plexus
The Cervical Plexus is formed by the Ventral rami of which vertebrae?
C1-C4
Which nerve in the Posterior triangle runs along the anterior surface of the Anterior Scalene?
Phrenic Nerve
Which nerve of the posterior triangle is also called the "Nerve to the Rhomboids?"
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
From where does the Dorsal Scapular nerve arise?
From the Ventral ramus of C5
The Dorsal Scapular nerve is associated with/pierces which muscle?
Middle Scalene (Scalenus Medius)
All 3 scalene muscles assist in inspiration by doing what?
Elevating the ribs
Which nerve enters near the superior 1/3 of the Posterior triangle and passes postoinferiorly, and then deep to the trapezius?
Accessory Nerve
What is the origin of the Lesser Occipital nerve?
C2
What is the origin of the Great Auricular nerve?
C2/C3
What is the origin of the Transverse Cervical nerve?
C2/C3
What is the origin of the Supraclavicular nerve?
C3/C4
What are the two subdivisions of the Posterior triangle?
Supraclavicular (Omoclavicular Triangle) and Occipital Triangle
Which of the two subdivisions of the posterior triangle is bordered by the INFERIOR edge of the inferior belly of the Omohyoid and the clavicle?
Supraclavicular (Omoclavicular Triangle)
Which of the two subdivisions of the posterior triangle is bordered by the SUPERIOR edge of the inferior belly of the Omohyoid and the trapezius?
Occipital Triangle
Describe the two frequent arrangements of blood supply to the trapezius and rhomboids.
1. From the thyrocervical trunk, the Transverse cervical artery divides into a superficial branch to supply the trapezius and a deep branch to supply the rhomboids.

OR

2. From the thyrocervical trunk, the transverse cervical artery supplies the trapezius, while a separate artery called the Descending scapular artery comes directly off the subclavian and supplies the rhomboids.