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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the central tegmental tract?
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carries many ascending/descending fibers between reticular formation and levels above/below
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What is the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus?
-fibers from where to where |
hypothalamus to RF
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medial forebrain bundle
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bw/ RF below and septal nuclei and basal forebrain rostrally
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RF nuclei are rather small but their projections are?
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divergent and diffuse. so small nuclei can serve equally broad and important functions.
--noradrenergic and serotonergic axons have widespread termination compared to specific afferents and axons from other parts of cortex. |
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what NT does the ventral tegmental area (VTA) produce?
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dopamine
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what are the two major pathways of the VTA?
fn? |
mesocortical -projections to frontal lobe and esp prefrontal cortex
mesolimbic - projections to numerous limbic areas, esp nucleus accumbens and septal nuclei --fn: cognitive, emotional. may be related to motivation. lesions of VTA can lead to dementia and psychotic symptoms, esp impt in schizophrenia |
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what neurotransmitter does locus ceruleus transmit?
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NE or noradrenalin
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Where does locus coeruleus project to?
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terminate thruout forebrain, cerebellum, brainstem and SC
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what is the fn of the locus ceruleus projections?
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sleep, pain modulation (via desc proj to SC) and cognitive
clinical issue: depression; antidepressants act by inhibiting reuptake of NE and 5HT |
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What NT do the raphe nuclei make?
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serotonin, 5HT
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what are the functions of serotonin and thus raphe nuclei?
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sleep, pain modulation
clinical: depression; inhibit reuptake |
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There are two additional places that use Ach
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hint: one in basal forebrain and other in brainstem tegmentum
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the basal forebrain cholinergic group consits of what nuclei?
--projections? --functions? --clinical issues? |
basal forebrain cholinergic group
--septal nuclei --nuclei of diagonal band --basal nucleus of Meynert (aka nucleus basalis) --projection = amygdala and cortex --fn = plasticity (learning) and limbic sys fn --clincial: dementia, Alzheimer's |
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the brainstem tegmentum cholinergic group consits of what nuclei?
--projections? --functions? --clinical issues? |
brainstem tegmentum cholin group
-pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) -laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) projections = thalamus, forebrain fn = sleep, arousal, consciousness -clinical iss: sleep disorders, coma |
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What are the primary components of the ARAS?
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ARAS = Ascending Reticular Activating System
--locus ceruleus (NE) --pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (cholinergic) --laterodorsal tegmental nu. (cholinergic) |
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what are the outputs of the ARAS?
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--outputs to thalamus
-----intralaminar thalamic nuclei --IMPT IN AROUSAL -----other thalamic nuclei basal forebrain each of which project to cortex. |
