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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a monohybrid cross? in biology terms |
A monohybrid cross is where you monitor one gene of interest in a punnet square, for instance if both of the parents had a recessive genetic disease you would be looking for when that disorder is paired with another recessive allele with the disease |
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What is the link between dominant and recessive Characteristics and alleles |
Alleles due to being variations of a gene affect whether the characteristic is present as the phenotype, due to it controlling both dominant and recessive traits |
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What is meant by the term - Homozygous |
Both of their alleles are of one type, either dominant or recessive |
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What is meant by the term - Heterozygous |
Their alleles are 1 dominant and 1 recessive |
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What is meant by the term - Genotype |
Genotype essentially means what genes a individual has. |
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What is meant by the term - Phenotype |
a physical characteristic controlled by the alleles |
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What are the 4 bases of DNA and their pairings? |
A-T C-G |
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What are the two stages in making a protein |
Stage 1, The bases are copied onto a mRNA (messenger RNA) that travels to the ribosome through the cytoplasm Stage 2, At the ribosome the bases are split into triplets with each individual triplet coding for a amino acid that is strung together to make a protein |
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Where are Ribosomes found? |
they are found floating in the cytoplasm of cells |
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How would a change to a gene alter or prevent the production of a protein |
When a gene is copied onto mRNA and split into triplets to be coded, specific triplets represent different amino acids or for the Ribosome to stop, meaning that if you where to change the gene then you would by extension alter the protein either making it more or less effective. |
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How do genes effect the structure of a cell and its production of proteins |
In cells some genes are turned off, the reason for this is because if all genes where active then all the cells would function the same and wouldn't be able to sustain a organism, as such deactivating the genes would cause the cell to specialise. |
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Which chromosome effects Sex |
The Y chromosome effects sex, because if it is present the organism is male and if it is absent then the organism is female |
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What is a enzyme |
A enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up reactions in a substrate |
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What are the 4 types of protein and what is the name for a protein of that type |
Carrier - Haemoglobin Structural - Collagen Hormone - Insulin Enzyme - Pepsin |
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Where are Ribosomes found and what is their function |
Ribosomes are found in the nucleus of a cell and contain the DNA, segments of the DNA called genes, code for proteins |
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What is meant by lock and key, when used in reference to enzymes |
Lock and key refers to the active site of a enzyme that only fits a certain type of substrate, to speed up that substrates reaction, resulting the products. |
