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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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bremsstrahlung |
"breaks" the force field around the nucleus |
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characteristic |
effect the inner shell electrons. |
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What factor is under direct control of the radiographer? |
quality |
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the 3 prime factors are: |
MAs, distance, and KVp |
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kVp effects: |
contrast |
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contrast is: |
the different between densities |
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mAs effects: |
denisity |
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density is: |
the overall blackening of an image |
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short scale |
high contrast |
hand x-ray, low kvp |
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long scale |
low contrast |
high kVp |
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scatter is the product of what 3 things |
kVp, Field size, and pt thickness |
more matter more scatter |
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what is the definition of the inverse square law? |
the relationship between radiation intensity and distance. |
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what interactions occur between very low enery xray photons and matter |
coherent, classical, and unmodified |
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what interactions have a significant impact on the image |
photoelectric absorption and compton scattering |
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which 2 interactions are used for diagnostic radiography |
Compton and photoelectric |
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which interaction results in higher contrast? |
photoelectric |
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Al/Eq is a measurement of |
filtration |
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what is the photon produced by photoelectric absorption called |
a photo electron |
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grids improve |
scatter and contrast |
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most predominate interaction in x-ray |
compton |
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inceasinf kvp by 15% is the same as |
doubling the exposure |
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the scattered photon created in compton is the |
compton scattered photon |
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the higher the atomic number |
the higher the # of photo electric absorption |
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as electron shells move away from the nucleus the electrons energy _____ and binding emergy _____ |
increase, decrease |
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quantity is effected by |
mA and time |
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when adding fractions |
find the gcf and mutiply then add |
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during coherent scattering the scattered has the _____ energy, _____ frequency and _____ wavelength |
same, same, same |
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when mutiplying fractions |
just mutiply across |
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as kVp increases the amount of compton will |
increase |
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increasing kVp by 15% is the same as _____ mAs increase |
100% |
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400 mA = ____amps |
.4 |
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density (define) |
degree of blackening |
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range of density |
.25-2.5 3+ is black |
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step wedge |
used to find optical density on a radiograph |
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densitometer |
the tool used to gage the density with a number |
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an overexposed image |
too dark |
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an underexposed image |
too light |
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density controlling factor |
mAs |
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how much should you increase mAs to see a visible change in optical density |
30% |
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what is density called in digital |
brightness, window leveling |
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kVp effects density |
directly, because more scatter is created making the age darker |
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focal spot effects density |
no change |
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anode heel effect on density |
no effect |
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sid effect on density |
inversely. increased Sid decreases density |
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oid effect on density |
inversely |
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filtration effect on density |
inversely |
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part thickness effect on density |
inversely |
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grid ratio effect on density |
inversly |
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additive pathology effect on density |
direct |
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distructive pathology effect on density |
inverse |
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film developing effect on density |
direct |
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grid conversation factor |
mas1/mas2=gcf1/gcf 2 no grid=1 5:1=2 6:1=3 8:1=4 10:1=5 12:1=5 16:1=6 |
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screen speed formula |
mas1/mas2=rs2/rs1 |
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contrast (define) |
difference between two densities |
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contrast is called in digital |
window width |
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long scale |
low contrast |
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short scale |
high contrast |
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4 factors that deturmine contrast |
intensifying screens density d log e processing |
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d log e consists of |
base plus fog toe straight line portion shoulder d max |
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base plus fog |
the film before exposure range 10-22 |
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toe |
phenidone fast gray tones |
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straight line portion |
steeper the slope the higher the contrast |
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shoulder |
hydroquinone, slow heavy black tones |
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dmax |
maximum density |
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kVp effect on contrast |
low kvp high contrast high kvp low contrast inversely, the increase of radiation fog decreases contrast |
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mAs effect on contrast |
no effect |
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focal spot effect on contrast |
no effect |
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anode heel effect on contrast |
no effect |
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sid effect on contrast |
no effect |
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oid |
direct effect |
reduces scatter, works like a grid, air gap technique |
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filtration effect on contrast |
inverse decreases beam intensity |
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beam restrictors effect on contrast |
direct, reduces scatter |
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part thickness effect on contrast |
inverse, part thickness increases scatter |
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grid ratio effect on contrast |
direct clease scatter k= w/grid / w/o grid |
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additive pathology effect on contrast |
inversely |
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distructive pathology effect on contrast |
direct |
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developing effect on contrast |
inverse, chemical fog decreases contrast |
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