Review Of The Abdomen

Front 1

Cellular layer of the peritoneum

Back 1

Mesothelium

Front 2

The embryonic origin of mesothelium

Back 2

mesoderm

Front 3

The right crus of the diaphragm reaches vertebra, while the left reaches the level of vertebra

Back 3

LIII, LII

Front 4

A diverticulum from the foregut into the ventral mesentry gives rise to

Back 4

1- Liver.
2- Gall bladder.
3- The ventral part of the pancreas.

Front 5

The round ligament of uterus is a derivative of

Back 5

gubernaculum

Front 6

The transpyloric plane transects the body through

Back 6

lower aspect of vertebra LI

Front 7

Which costal cartilages is the transpyloric plane related to

Back 7

the 9th costal cartilages

Front 8

Relation of the transpyloric plane to the pancreas

Back 8

it crosses the body of the pancres

Front 9

Relation of the transpyloric plane to the hila

Back 9

it crosses through the superior part of the hilum of the right kidney and the inferior part of the hilum of the left kidney

Front 10

Location of the inferior vena cava and the aorta in regard to the vertebral column

Back 10

The inferior vena cava is on the right, while the abdominal aorta lies on the left of the vertebral column

Front 11

The inferior vena cava penetrates the central tendon of the diaphragm at the level of

Back 11

TVIII

Front 12

The left renal vein drains

Back 12

1- The left kidney.
2- The left suprarenal gland.
3- The left gonad.

Front 13

Sites of portocaval anastomoses

Back 13

1- the inferior part of the esophagus.
2- the inferior part of the rectum.
3- Small veins accompanying the ligamentum teres(degenerate umbilical cord).
4- Bare area of the liver.
5- The retroperitoneal parts of the small and large intestine.
6- The posterior part of the pancreas.

Front 14

Caput medusae is

Back 14

a case which happens in the cases of hepatic hypertension, it is the direct result of the enlargement of the para-umbilical systemic veins

Front 15

Sympathetic innervation of the abdominal viscera originates from vertebral levels

Back 15

T5 -> L2

Front 16

Parasympathetic innervation of the abdominal viscera

Back 16

Vagus nerve[X] and S2 -> S4

Front 17

Another name for the superficial fatty layer of the superficial fascia

Back 17

Camper's Fascia

Front 18

Another name for the deep membranous layer of the superficial facia

Back 18

Scarpa's Fascia

Front 19

Continuation of Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia into the scrotum

Back 19

The dartos muscle

Front 20

Scarpa's fascia fuses with ... in the thigh

Back 20

the fascia lata

Front 21

The name for Scarpa's fascia in the perineal area

Back 21

superficial perineal fascia -> Colle's fascia

Front 22

Origin of the external oblique muscle

Back 22

1- Lower 8 ribs.

Front 23

Insertion of the external oblique

Back 23

1- Lateral lip of the iliac crest.
2- Linea alba.

Front 24

Innervation of the external oblique

Back 24

Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves (T7 - T12)

Front 25

Function of the external oblique.

Back 25

1- Increases intra-abdominal pressure.
2- Flexion of the trunk.
3- Each muscle contracts turning anterior part of the abdomen to the other side.

Front 26

Origin of the internal oblique

Back 26

1- Thoracolumbar fascia.
2- iliac crest between tr. and ext. oblq.
3- Lateral two thirds of the inguinal ligament.

Front 27

Insertion of the internal oblique

Back 27

1- Inferior border of lower 3-4 ribs.
2- Linea alba.
3- Pubic crest and pectineal line.

Front 28

Innervation of the internal oblique

Back 28

Anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves and LI

Front 29

Function of the internal oblique

Back 29

1- Compresses abdominal contents.
2- Both muscles flex the trunk.
3- Each muscle contraction turns the anterior part of the abdomen to the same side.

Front 30

Origin of the transversus abdominis.

Back 30

1- Thoracolumbar fascia.
2- medial lip of iliac crest.
3- lateral one third of the inguinal ligament.
4- lower six costal cartilages.

Front 31

Insertion of the transversus abdominis

Back 31

1- Linea alba.
2- pubic crest.
3- pectineal line.

Front 32

Innervation of the transversus abdominis

Back 32

T7 -> T12 + L1

Front 33

Function of the transversus abdominis

Back 33

1- compressese abdominal contents.

Front 34

Origin of the rectus abdominis

Back 34

1- Symphysis pubis.
2- Pubic tubercle.
3- Pubic crest.

Front 35

Insertion of the rectus abdominis

Back 35

1- Costal cartilages of ribs V -> VII
2- Xiphoid process.

Front 36

Innervation of the rectus abdominis

Back 36

Anterior rami of the lower seven thoracic spinal nerves.

Front 37

Function of the rectus abdominis.

Back 37

1- Compresses abdominal contents.
2- Flexes the vertebral column.
3- Tenses the abdominal wall(protection).

Front 38

Origin of the pyramidalis

Back 38

1- Front of pubis.
2- Pubic symphysis.

Front 39

Insertion of the pyramidalis

Back 39

Linea alba

Front 40

Innervation of the pyramidalis

Back 40

Anterior ramus of TXII

Front 41

Function of the pyramidalis

Back 41

Tenses the linea alba

Front 42

The part of the rectus abdominis at which it is in direct contact with the transversalis fascia

Back 42

The lower one quarter of it.

Front 43

Structure marks the transition Rectus Sheath -> Transversalis Fascia on the Rectus Abdominis

Back 43

The Arcuate line

Front 44

The length of the inguinal canal is

Back 44

4 cm

Front 45

A nerve which passes only through the superficial inguinal ring

Back 45

The ilio-inguinal nerve(a branch of LI, lumbar plexus)

Front 46

The deep inguinal ring is immediately lateral to

Back 46

the inferior epigastric vessels

Front 47

The cremasteric fascia is contributed by

Back 47

The internal oblq.

Front 48

The structure in the spermatic cord include:

Back 48

1- The vas deferens.
2- Artery to the vas deferens.
3- Testicular artery.
4- The pampiniform plexus of veins.
5- The cremasteric vessels.
6- Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve(innervation of the cremasteric muscle.)
7- Sympathetic and visceral afferent fibers.
8- Lymphatics.
9- Remnants of the processus vaginalis.

Front 49

What are the three facial covering of the spermatic cord?

Back 49

1- Internal spermatic fascia.(fascia transversalis)
2- Cremasteric fascia(internal oblq.)
3- External spermatic fascia(external oblq.)

Front 50

Why can the indirect inguinal hernia be considered congenital in origin?

Back 50

Because it occurs when some part ot all of the embryonic processus vaginalis remains patent.

Front 51

Hesselbalch's triangle is bounded by

Back 51

1- Laterally: inferior epigastric vessels.
2- Medially: rectus abdominis.
3- Inferiorly: Inguinal ligament.

Front 52

What are the structures surrounding the epiploic foramen?

Back 52

Superiorly: The caudate lobe of the liver
Inferiorly: The first part of the duodenum.
Anteriorly: The free margin of the lesser omentum.
Posteriorly: The inferior vena cava.

Front 53

The anterior and posterior vagal trunks enter the abdomen through

Back 53

The esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Front 54

Most duodenal ulcers occur in

Back 54

the area of duodenal cap

Front 55

The descending part of the duodenum extends from

Back 55

The neck of the gall bladder to the lower border of LIII

Front 56

The transverse part of the duodenum is crossed anteriorly by

Back 56

The superior mesentric artery and vein

Front 57

The opening of the ileum into the cecum is guarded by

Back 57

the flaps of the iliocecal fold

Front 58

what's the name of the mesentry suspending the rectum?

Back 58

None, the rectum is a retroperitoneal structure

Front 59

The structures related to the visceral surface of the liver include:

Back 59

1- The stomach.
2- The gallbladder.
3- The right kidney.
4- The superior part of the duodenum.
5- The lesser omentum.
6- The right colic flexure.
7- The right transverse colon.
8- The right suprarenal gland.

Front 60

The boundaries of the bare area are:

Back 60

1- Anteriorly: The anterior coronary ligament.
2- Posteriorly: The posterior coronary ligament.
3- Laterally: The triangular ligaments.

Front 61

Another name for the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Back 61

Ampulla of vater

Front 62

Another name for the sphincter of the ampulla of Vater

Back 62

The sphincter of Oddi

Front 63

The gastrosplenic ligament contains:

Back 63

The short gastric and gastro-omental vessels

Front 64

The splenorenal ligament contans the

Back 64

Splenic vessels

Front 65

What are the branches of the celiac trunk?

Back 65

1- Left gastric.
2- Splenic.
3- Common hepatic.

Front 66

The left gastric artery supplies

Back 66

The esophagus through esophageal branches.
The lesser curvature of the stomach.

Front 67

What are the arteries that the left gastric artery anastomoses with?

Back 67

1- Right gastric artery at the lesser curvature of the stomach.
2- The esophageal branches anastomose with the esophageal branches from the thoracic aorta.

Front 68

What is the smallest branch of the celiac trunk?

Back 68

the left gastric artery

Front 69

What is the largest branch of the celiac trunk?

Back 69

the splenic artery

Front 70

An artery traveling in the splenorenal ligament

Back 70

the splenic artery

Front 71

An artery supplying the neck, body, and tail of the pancreas

Back 71

The splenic artery

Front 72

The splenic artery supplies:

Back 72

1- The spleen.
2- The neck, body, and tail of the pancreas.
3- The fundus of the stomach through the short gastric branches.

Front 73

What are the arteries traveling in the gastrosplenic ligament:

Back 73

The short gastric branches of the splenic artery.

Front 74

The left gastro-omental artery is a brach of

Back 74

The splenich artery which, in turn, is a branch of the celiac trunk

Front 75

The left gstro-omental artery supplies, and anastomoses with

Back 75

It supplies the greater curvature of the stomach and anastomoses with the right gastro-omental artery.

Front 76

an artery which has a tortuous course along the superior border of the pancreas

Back 76

The splenic artery.

Front 77

The two terminal branches of the common hepatic artey are

Back 77

1- the hepatic artery proper.
2- the gastroduodenal artery.

Front 78

a structure running to the left of the bile duct in the free margin of the lesser omentum

Back 78

The hepatic artery proper which is a branch of the common hepatic artery <- celiac trunk

Front 79

the cystic artery of the gall bladder is a brach of

Back 79

Right hepatic artery <- the hepatic artery proper <- the common hepatic artery <- celiac trunk

Front 80

The branches of the gastroduodenal artery are

Back 80

1- The supraduodenal artery.
2- The two terminal branches: The right gastro-omental and the superior pancreatico duodenal.

Front 81

The arterial supply of the pancreas is:

Back 81

1- The head: Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery <- gastroduodenal artery <- common hepatic artery <- celiac trunk.
2- The neck body and tail: branches from the splenic artery <- celiac trunk.

Front 82

The arterial supply of the stomach is:

Back 82

1- The fundus: short gastric arteries <- splenic artery.
2- The lesser curvature: left gastric artery <- celiac trunk -><- right gastric artery.
3- The greater curvature: left gastro-omental artery <- splenic artery <- celiac trunk -><- the right gastro-omental artery <- gastroduodenal artery <- common hepatic artery <- celiac trunk.

Front 83

The right gastric artery is a branch of

Back 83

hepatic artery proper or the left hepatic artery

Front 84

The blood supply of the gallbladder is:

Back 84

The cystic artery <- right hepatic artery

Front 85

The blood supply of the pylorus

Back 85

the right gastric artery

Front 86

The superior mesentric artery is crossed anteriorly by

Back 86

1- The splenic vein.
2- The neck of the pancreas.

Front 87

Structures which are posteriorly related to the superior mesentric artey

Back 87

1- The left renal vein.
2- The uncinate process.
3- The inferior part of the duodenum.

Front 88

Branches of the superior mesentric artery on the left

Back 88

1- Jejunal arteries.
2- Ileal arteries.

Front 89

Branches on the right side of the superior mesentric artery

Back 89

1- Middle colic.
2- Right colic.
3- Ileocolic.
4- The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.