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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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estar (uses)
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to indicate location of persons and objects
with progressive (ndo) constructions with adjectives to express conditions with past participle to describe the resulant condition of a previous action - la playa está contaminada to express change from the norm |
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ser (uses)
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with a noun or pronoun that identifies the subject
adjectives that identity nationality. religious, and political affiliations or occupation of the subject with adjectives to express characteristics of the subject with the preposition de to indicate origen, possession, and to tell what something is made of to indicate where and when events take place to express dates, days of the week, months, seasons with preposition para to tell for whome or what something is intended in impersonal expressions: ie. es importante que with past pariticiple to express passive voice (por) |
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comparaciones igualidad
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tanto/a + noun + como
tan + adverbio/adjectivo +como |
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comparaciones disigualidad
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más / menos + adjectivos/adverbio/noun + que
subject verb +más/menos + que |
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superlative comparisons
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OD + más/menos +que
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indirect object pronouns
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ID + OD + Verb
Indirect object pronouns me nos te os le (se) les / es Objectos Directos la lo las los + verb |
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preterit endings
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ar
yo é nosotros amos tu aste ud ó uds aron IR/ER endings yo í nosotros imos tu iste ud ió udstedes ieron |
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irregular preterit verbs
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dar: di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron
ser/ir: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron verbs with spelling changes creer, caer, leer, oir third person sigular and plural i changes to a y car, gar, zar change to maintain the same sound c--> qu g--> gu z--> c |
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uses of the preterit
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- completed / past actions
actions that began / finished events that took place in an instant / limited time series of events |
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impefecto
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1. background / description
2. ongoing action 3. time weather as background 4. habits 5. mental / emotional / physical condition |
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conjugation of imperfect words
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ir/er --> add ía
ar --> add aba |
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when to use subjunctive
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not actual
not certain doubt ojala recomendaciones 2 subject |
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irregular present subjuntive forms
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dar
dé demos des dé den estar esté estemos estés esté esten haber haya hayamos hayas haya hayan ir vaya vayamos vayas vaya vayan ser sea seamos seas sea sean saber sepa sepamos sepas sepa sepan |
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indicators of present subjunctive
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decir
importar desear interesear permitir prevenir proponer querer recomendar |
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mandatos formales
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use subjuntive form of a word
subject pronouns may be used for emphasis affirmative commands = direct + indirect prounouns may be attached accent if two or more syllables neg commands- add no before action neg affirm com- place DO+ID between no and command |
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verbs like gustar
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caer bien - to like a person
caer mal - to dislike a person encantar- to love faltar- to lack / miss fascinar- to be fascinated by importartar- to matter / to be important to molestar- to be a bother paracer- to seem quedar- to be left over gustar- to show an attraction ot people caer- food- agrees /disagrees with tummy |
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subjuntive adverbial clauses
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a fin de que - in order that
a menos (de) que- unless antes que- before con tal que (provided that) sin que- without |
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indicative adverbial clauses
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no change in subnject
a din de con tal de a menos de antes de para sin encaso de |
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condicional / subjunctive future
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cuando
en cuanto- as soon as después (a) donde como tan pronto como- as soon as luego que- as soon as mientras que- as long as hasta que- until |
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regular future endings
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ending +
é emos ás á án |
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irregular future endings
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haber- drop the e
poder- drop the e querrer- drop the er ending saber- drop the e decir- dir hacer- har poner--> pondr salir--> saldr tener--> tendr venir--> vendr |
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how to use future tense
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probability or conjecture in present
tje [jrase or a +infinitive can convey a future meaning |
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el delito
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crime
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desarrollar
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development
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acordarse de
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remember
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disfrutar
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enjoy
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la vejez
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old age
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despreocupado
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carefree
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adivinar
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to guess
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mentir
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to lie
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relajarse
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relaz
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ansioso
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anxious
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afrontar
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to face
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el boceto
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pintar
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tierno
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love
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honrado
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persona que dice la verdad y actua correctamente
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atrevido
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e persona que hace cosas arriesgadas
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desastre natural
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desgracia que ocurre en la naturaleza
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grosero
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persona que no tieno buenos modales
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tiznados
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manchados
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adivinar
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decir lo que va a pasar
(guess what will happen) |
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tener éxito
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conseguir un reslutado feliz / satisfactorio
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la selva
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la jungla
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natalidad
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número de personas de nacen
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apenado
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triste
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confundido
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que no entiende lo que está pasando
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madrugar
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levantarse muy temprano
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