Review For Test On Ancient China

Front 1

pan gu legend

Back 1

a giant named pan gu hatches from an egg and the shell splits in half, becoming the earth and the sky(heaven). pan gu grows until his head splits into the sun and the moon. his body becomes the mountains and hills. his hair becomes all the trees and plants. his blood and sweat becomes all the rain and water. his fleas become people.

Front 2

middle kingdom

Back 2

china thinks of itself as the center of the world because of its natural, physical barriers and geography that isolates china from the rest of the world.

Front 3

yellow river-huang he

Back 3

-north
-fully of yellow soil-loess(blown from the gobi desert)
-first civilization in china 4,000+ years ago because it was so fertile
-"china's sorrow" because it is very fertile but has destructive floods

Front 4

chang river-yangtzi

Back 4

-third longest river in the world
-rich farming valleys/industrial cities
-ship materials
-hydro power=dams

Front 5

xi river-zhu jiang (pearl river)

Back 5

-south
-combination of extremely fertile but extremely rich in ore (metal/mineral)
-50% of all grain grown, 20% of junt
grow coffee, rubber, nemp

Front 6

population

Back 6

-current population= 1.2 billion
-95% of china live on the eastern half of china
-74% of china's population live in villages/towns

Front 7

mandate of heaven

Back 7

emperor rules with the will of the gods, but only as long as he is a good emperor.

Front 8

yin and yang

Back 8

-balance
-harmony
yin=female, passive, negative, the moon, shaded rientation, cold
yang=male, positive, active, hot, light, aggressive

Front 9

filial piety

Back 9

respect for authority, respect for elders, ancestor reverence

Front 10

ancestor reverence

Back 10

-worship
belief that ones ancestors can help you or hinder you in this life
-small building (wealthy)=ancestor shrines
-shrine alcove in home
-shrine boxes (male/female & name), they are empty and you bring incents, food, tea, special prayer money and burn it
-if you are good to your dead relatives, they will bring you good luck in this life

Front 11

divination

Back 11

-fortune telling
-yi jing=book of changes
-looked for signs in nature
-oracle bones
-sticks

Front 12

daoism

Back 12

-dao="the way"
-lao-zi="master lao"
-dao de jing=book of the way & its virtue
-daosim is tied closely with nature
-dao is the force that unites everything in the univere
-there are no rituals in daoism
-to practice daosim meditate in nature, find one's dao, or purpose, follow one's dao
-in daoism, everything has a dao & you should never try to change a dao becuse it causes pain, confusion, and destruction.

Front 13

kong fu zi

Back 13

-grand master kong
-took belief of ancestor reverance & turned it into a philososphy for life and government (confucianism, li and ren, 5 relationships).

Front 14

confucianism

Back 14

5 RELATIONSHIPS
-ruler to ruled=ruler should be beyed by people and emp. must take care of people
-father to son=sonobeys fathe and father must raise son properly and care for him.
-husband to wife=wife must obey husband and husband must provide for wife & treat her farely.
-older brother to younger brother=younger brother must listen to older brother and older brother must take care of and watch over little brother
-friend to friend=equality where both sides are helping and respecting each other
LI AND REN
-li=outward action
-ren=inner intention

Front 15

legalism

Back 15

-legalism=they believe that a highly officient and powerful government is key.
-harsh rule of law (han feizi)
-people obey out of fear of punishment
-series of very strict rules and harsh gov.
burned books & scrolls on daoism & confucianism
-if people disagreed with them, they would execute them or make them slaves.
-against the mandate of heaven

Front 16

mo-zi

Back 16

-believed in total equality
-it was taught from 470BCE-390BCE
-mo believed in a concept called bo-ai=universal love
-mo preached equality, love for all, and non-violence
-mo said there should be no social clases & everyone should work together and share everything
-not supposed to be selfish or greey
mohism did not last for very long.

Front 17

social classes

Back 17

-china had upper and lower class until the 20th century
UPPER CLASS
-gentry=landowning aristocrats, socially most powerful, home=wall compounds, served in malitia (voluntarily) only be officers, ren out land, charged taxes/give loans to pesants,
serve as judges for local issues, only ones who had time & money to be educated
-government officials= had to pass a test to serve in gov. and were given a year to pass it, text had 4 levels-->local=town, village/provincial= state gov./imperial=central go./emperor's=to be the emperor's advisor
-scholars=teachers, either worked in a school, for a wealthy family, travel
LOWER CLASS
-peasants=80% were peasants, mostly farmers or other food producers, tend to receive very little respect by the gentry, live in siple huts of bamboo, stone, dried brick
-scientists=looked down on by gentry because they work with thier minds and not their hands, scientists made labor sacing devices which was notappreciated by landowners, invented paper printing, gunpowder, rockets, kite, crossbow, accupuncture, vaccination for smallpox, herbal remedies (ginger for stomach aches)
-merchants=gentry were afraid of the money the merchants made, were extremely wealthy from the silk trade, silk was original miracle fiber, peasants liked merhants b/c they gave them money
-soldiers=bottom of social class, only respected, protected people from foreign invaders &protected people in the country, army was supposde to use violence as a last resort

Front 18

women

Back 18

-until the 20th century women were inferior to men
-supposed to always be submissive to men
yield to authority (father, older brother, husband (when married))
women who got married couldnt be in contact w/ their family anf must serve husbands family, the more sons a women has the more power she had in the family
-women of the gentry performed a beauty ritual called footbinging (lotus foot)