Review Cards From Mock Exam 3

Front 1

Percentiles are __________ transformations of raw

z scores, t scores, and IQ scores.

Back 1

Percentiles are non-linear transformations

unlike the other choices. That is, the amount of

raw score difference between 55%-60% does not

necessarily represent the same amount of raw

score difference as between 94%-99%.

Front 2

In the circle of willis, the anterior communicating

artery bridges

Back 2

the left anterior cerebral artery to the right

anterior cerebral artery

Front 3

Posner and Petersons model of attention says

that the posterior attention system is responsible for _________; whereas the anterior attention

system is associated with ___________.

Back 3

orienting and awareness of environment; signal

detection

Front 4

most common neurologic manifestation of HIV

Back 4

emotional lability and delirium associated with

HIV associated dementia

Front 5

factitious disorder ?

Back 5

Malingering is intentional and motivated by an

external reward. He is demonstrating a negative

response bias but not a positive one. While he

could be depressed, there is no evidence either

way. Factitious disorder is behavior motivated by

an intrinsic reward such as assuming the sick

role.

Front 6

Standard Error of Measurement

Back 6

- inversely related to the reliability of the test

- The standard dev must be known to calculate it

- confidence intervals based on the SEM assume

error distributions are normally distributed and

homoscedastic

Front 7

amygdale play a crucial role in :

Back 7

the perception of emotional cues and

production of emotional responses

Front 8

What differentiates diencephalic amnesia from

bilateral temporal lobe amnesia?

Back 8

Temporal ordering impairment

Front 9

The striatum receives its blood supply from the

Back 9

MCA and Lenticulostriate arteries

Front 10

Statistical significance is

Back 10

a direct function of sample size

Front 11

if you placed a common object like a key or

pencil in the left hand of a typical

commissurotomy patient, out of sight of the

person, they

Back 11

could recognize the object but not call out its

name

-The hemispheres cannot communicate in these

patients, making one hand unaware of what the

other is doing. And only input to the left

hemisphere (i.e. the right hand) would allow

verbal naming.

Front 12

cortical blindness

Back 12

Patients with cortical blindness may have

blindsight in which they still have some

perception outside of conscious awareness.

They can have anosognosia as in Anton’s

syndrome and be unaware of their deficit.

Answer C describes achromatposia (the world

seems drained of color) and Answer D is

incorrect as cortical blindness results from

total destruction of the primary visual cortex.

Front 13

what most reliably distinguishes VaD from AD?

Back 13

focal neuro findings and the presence of either

diffuse or focal cognitive findings

Front 14

lesions causing achromatopsia often also cause

Back 14

proposopagnosia

(both are caused by lesions on the fusiform gyrus

of the occipitotemporal cortex)

Front 15

which thalamic nuclei is part of the visual

pathway

Back 15

lateral geniculate nucleus

Front 16

Specificity is ___________; while sensitivity is

__________.

Back 16

true positive rate

true negative rate

* True positive: Sick people correctly diagnosed

as sick
* False positive: Healthy people incorrectly

identified as sick
* True negative: Healthy people correctly

identified as healthy
* False negative: Sick people incorrectly

identified as healthy
* True positive = correctly identified
* False positive = incorrectly identified
* True negative = correctly rejected
* False negative = incorrectly rejected

Front 17

difficulty recalling events following and injury is

_______; while difficulty recalling previously

learned info because learning new info interfered

is called_________.

Back 17

anterograde amnesia; retrograde interference

Front 18

pairings of transmitters to nuclei

Back 18

Basal Nucleus of Meynert and acetylcholine

Raphe nuclei and seretonin

Ventral tagmental area OR substantia nigra and

dopamine

Front 19

The _________ pathway is involved with visual

perception of where objects are and the ________

pathway is involved with the visual analysis of

what objects are.

Back 19

Dorsal (where)

Ventral (what)

Front 20

Conduit d' approche

Back 20

increasingly closer phonological approximates of

words

Front 21

Math disorders

Back 21

While inattention may be a cause of math

disorder as defined in the DSM-IV, sensory

neglect typically refers to a right parietal lesion

symptom in which material in one visual field,

usually the left, is ignored unless attention is

drawn to it.

Front 22

difficulty performing math operations

Back 22

anarithmetria

Front 23

deficit knowledge of concepts in math is

Back 23

acalculia with verbal deficits

Front 24

difficulty organizing and manipulating numbers

spatially is

Back 24

spatial dyscalculia

Front 25

atrophy assoc with normal aging generally

reflects a loss of

Back 25

myelin

Front 26

what type of memory is recognizing a friend?

Back 26

Recognizing a friend is best thought of as a

type of semantic memory, which is knowledge

acquired during one’s lifetime (Kolb and

Wishaw, 2003).

Tulving considered all knowledge which was

not autobiographical to be semantic

knowledge.

Episodic memory is singular events a person

recalls and is the other type of explicit memory

besides semantic.

Implicit memory unconscious and

nonintentional.

Front 27

X linked adrenoleukodystrophy early cognitive

changes- what is most common?

Back 27

visual perceptual px

This is a neurodegenerative condition seen in

children that typically involves cerebral

demyelination. Cognitive dysfunction is

generally correlated with the extent of white

matter changes on MRI. Hematopoetic stem

cell transplant is the most effective treatment.

Visual-spatial functioning is an excellent

predictor of neurocognitive function after stem

cell transplant for cerebral X-ALD.

Front 28

The limbic system is important for ___________;

which involves the key structure____________.

Back 28

homeostasis; hypothalamus

Front 29

In LBD, Lewy Bodies

Back 29

are found in nerve cells throughout the outer

layer of the brain (the cerebral cortex) and deep

inside the midbrain and brainstem.

Front 30

In LBD,

Back 30

parkinsonian Sx often not responsive to L Dopa

Front 31

Wilson's disease

Back 31

characterized by:

parkinsonian Sx

psychosis

hepatic dysfunction

Front 32

supplemental motor area partial seizures often

include

Back 32

fencing posture with extension of contralateral

upper extremity, tonic posturing, speech arrest,

and unusual sounds

Front 33

dorsolateral frontal cortex

Back 33

sequencing, persistence, switching

Front 34

DBS for PD

Back 34

effective in Tx rigidity but negatively impacts PS

and EF

Front 35

most consistent NP finding seen in childhood

absence epilepsy is

Back 35

visual memory deficits

Front 36

initial Sx in Landau - Kleffner Syndrome

Back 36

auditory agnosia

Front 37

reduced IQ, optic pathway gliomas, decrease in

high signal intensity lesions on T2 weighted MRI

with increasing age?

Back 37

NF 1

Front 38

HD

Back 38

every offspring has 50% chance of inheritance

IT 15 gene

Front 39

Noonan syndrome

Back 39

It is characterized by mildly unusual facial

characteristics, short stature, heart defects,

bleeding problems, and skeletal

malformations. Also bleeding disorders.

webbed neck

ptosis

hypertelorism

low set ears

high arched palate

lowered IQ but preserved verbal skills

found among girls and boys

Front 40

marfan's syndrome

Back 40

is a genetic disorder of human connective

tissue. It has various expressions ranging from

mild to severe: the most serious complications

are defects of the heart valves and aorta, which

often lead to early death. The syndrome also

may affect the lungs, eyes, dural sac

surrounding the spinal cord, the skeleton, and

the hard palate. People with Marfan tend to be

unusually tall, with long limbs and long, thin

fingers and toes.

caused by mutations in the FBN1 gene on

chromosome 15

Front 41

What distinguishes PD from atypical

Parkinsonism?

Back 41

PD responds to levodopa while atypical

parkinsonism does not

Front 42

Sx of hydrocephelus

Back 42

h/a

nausea

vomiting

cognitive impairment

papilldemia (decreased vision)

Front 43

the most important factor to consider when

interpreting discrepancies between test scores in

children is

Back 43

the base rate of the discrepancy

Front 44

neglect is considered to be a failure to

respond/report or orient to novel stimuli

Back 44

due to focal and possibly generalized lesions

involving right parietal/frontal lesions

Front 45

Depression in PD

Back 45

does not have a high remittance rate, tough to

treat

- it is unrelated to the severity of motor Sx

- it has a greater anxiety component

- it improves sig when Ldopa reduces disability

Front 46

Wilsons disease has an early affinity for

degeneration on the ____________, resulting in

__________.

Back 46

striatum, tremor

Front 47

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Back 47

non aggressive beh, hyperorality,

hypersexuality

resulting from bilateral lesions of the anterior

temporal lobe (including amygdaloid nucleus).

Klüver–Bucy syndrome may present with

hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality,

visual agnosia, and docility.

list of symptoms differs somewhat by source.

Generally included are the following:

1. Amnesia. Characterised by an inability to

recall memories. Its nature is both anterograde

and retrograde, meaning new memories

cannot be formed and old memories cannot be

recalled. The level of amnesia is considered to

be profound.

2. Docility. Characterized by exhibiting

diminished fear responses or reacting with

unusually low aggression. This has also been

termed "placidity" or "tameness".

3. Dietary changes and/or Hyperphagia.

Characterized by eating inappropriate objects

(pica) and/or overeating.

4. Hyperorality. This was described by Ozawa

et al. as "an oral tendency, or compulsion to

examine objects by mouth".

5. Hypersexuality. Characterized by a

heightened sex drive or a tendency to seek

sexual stimulation from unusual or

inappropriate objects.[2][3][4]

6. Visual agnosia. Characterized by an inability

to recognize familiar objects or people.

Front 48

a lesion in the right lateral geniculate nucleus of

the thalamus may cause

Back 48

left homonymous field defects

Front 49

motor neglect is characterized by

Back 49

better movements in the ipsilateral rather than

contralateral space

reluctance to move limbs on the left (limb

akinesia or intentional neglect)

delay in initiating movement

Front 50

Magnetic Resonance Spect

Back 50

can be used to indirectly measure regional brain

activity during seizures and help localize their

region on onset

Front 51

mood and motivational states can affect immune

status and appetite through connections with the

Back 51

hypothalamus

Front 52

population based norms for

Back 52

making Dx of MR

Front 53

Tourettes

Back 53

presence of motor AND vocal tics by age 18

often co occurs with OCD

assoc with deficits in attn. and EF

pharm tx act on dopamine system

Front 54

pituitary adenoma

Back 54

most likely type of tumor to cause bitemporal

hemianopia

Front 55

correlations btwn subjective mem complaints

and objective mem performance are low and

Back 55

generally mediated by the patient's mood and

anxiety symptoms

Front 56

Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC)

used to

Back 56

determine the diagnostic accuracy of a test or

to help determine which of 2 tests is more

accurate for diagnosing a certain condition

ROC analysis provides tools to select possibly

optimal models and to discard suboptimal

ones independently from (and prior to

specifying) the cost context or the class

distribution. ROC analysis is related in a direct

and natural way to cost/benefit analysis of

diagnostic decision making.

Front 57

disorders of neuronal cell migration, such as

lissencephaly and polymicrogyria are often assoc

with

Back 57

MR and seizures

Front 58

The APO E4 gene

Back 58

increases susceptibility to AD and LBD

is related to earlier onset of AD

does not reduce efficacy of acetylcholinesterase

inhibitor meds

Front 59

posterior fossa syndrome following a resection

of a cerebellar tumor in childhood

Back 59

features are mutism, ataxia, and emotional

lability

Front 60

depression in PD

Back 60

commonly seen:

anhedonia

apathy

sleep disturbence

less commonly seen:

suicide attempts

Front 61

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Back 61

is an oval body located at the termination of optic tract on each side of the brain and acts as

the primary relay center for visual information

received from the retina of the eye. The LGN and

the medial geniculate nucleus which deals with

auditory information are both thalamic nuclei

and so are present in both hemispheres

Front 62

The Flynn effect

Back 62

is the substantial and long-sustained increase

in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test

scores measured in many parts of the world

from roughly 1930 to the present day. When

intelligence quotient (IQ) tests are initially standardized using a sample of test-takers, by

convention the average of the test results is set

to 100 and their standard deviation is set to 15

or 16 IQ points. When IQ tests are revised, they

are again standardized using a new sample of

test-takers, usually born more recently than

the first. Again, the average result is set to 100.

However, when the new test subjects take the

older tests, in almost every case their average

scores are significantly above 100.