Review

Front 1

When does the LH surge occur?

Back 1

36 hrs before ovulation

Front 2

segments of fallopian tube

Back 2

infundibulum: distal, wide, fimbriae
ampulla: MC site of fertilization
isthmus: narrow, closest to uterus)

Front 3

Oocytes are arrested at what stage of division until fertilization?

Back 3

Prophase of meiosis I

Front 4

Catabolites of catecholamines seen increased in a pheochromocytoma

Back 4

vanillylmandelic acid
metanephrine
normetanephrine

Front 5

If you shine light in an eye with a retinal detachment, what pupillary response do you expect to see?

Back 5

Dilation of both pupils.
Seen with retinal detachment and optic neuritis: conditions where not enough light is entering the eye.
This is called the Gunn sign or Marcus- Gunn phenom.
The pupil dilates to let more light in

Front 6

Most common form of CAH?
The MC form variant of this?
the LC variant?

Back 6

21-hydroxylase deficiency
simple virilizing
virilization and salt-wasting

Front 7

What is the pathogenesis of the symptoms of 21-hydroxylase deficiency?

Back 7

CAH-> low cortisol-> hypoglycemia
enzyme deficiency-> low aldosterone-> saltwasting & hyperkalemia
low cortisol-> loss of feedback-> high ACTH-> adrenal hyperplasia and high adrenal androgens: dehydroepiandrosterone & androstenedione-> virilization of external genitalia
high ACTH-> high 17-OH progesterone (precursor to 21- hydroxylase)

Front 8

What is the function of 5-alpha reductase?
What is seen in 5- alpha reductase deficiency?

Back 8

converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
Normal internal reproductive tracts, but external genitalia will be feminized; due to lack of enzyme in the external genitalia and prostate

Front 9

Another form of CAH featuring salt retenation and virilization of females

Back 9

11- beta- hydroxylase deficiency
salt retention d/t excessive secretion of the weak mineralocorticoid, deoxycorticosterone, by the inner zones of the adrenal cortex
Low cortisol- loss of negative feedback- high ACTH
high androgens-> virilization

Front 10

Another form of CAH featuring salt wastin and feminization of males

Back 10

17- alpha hydroxylase deficiency
high ACTH-> excessive secretion of the weak mineralocorticoids, deoxycorticosterone & corticosterone
sex steroid prodxn is diminished due to lack of 17-alpha-hydroxylation of pregnenolone and progesterone-> female fetuses will develop normally, but males with have reproductive tracts and genitalia feminized

Front 11

Gastic inhibitory peptide (GIP)
a) actions at physiologic doses?
b) actions at pharmacologic doses?

Back 11

a) stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion
b) inhibits gastric acid secretion and gastric motility

Front 12

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
Actions?

Back 12

relaxes intestinal smooth muscle
stimulates pancreatic secretion of HCO3- and inhibits gastric H+ secretion

Front 13

Secretin is secreted in response to?

Back 13

h+ and aacs in duodenum
duodenal ph < 4.5

Front 14

CCK is secreted in response to?

Back 14

aacs and FFAs in the duodenum

Front 15

When are inhibin levels increased in the menstrual cycle?

Back 15

Increased in the middle of the luteal phase, falling just before menstruation
Also increase in women carrying Down syndrome babies

Front 16

Inhibin released by?
acts on?

Back 16

Granulosa cells of ovary or sertoli cells in testes
Inhibit prodxn of FSH
Also control gametogenesis and embryonic and fetal devpt

Front 17

Lipoprotein lipase located on?

Back 17

Endothelial cells of tissues that need TG, such as cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and lactating breast.

Front 18

Action of lipoprotein lipase

Back 18

hydrolyzes TG in the chylomicron core to FFAs that are more easily absorbable-> shrinking of chylomicrons

Front 19

Chylomicrons are made by? How?

Back 19

Made by enterocytes (intestinal epi cells)
Packaged in sER
Using gut lumen mixed micelles (TGs)