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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Orthretrovirinae genus'
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Alpharetrovirus
Betaretrovirus Gammaretrovirus Deltaretrovirus Epsilonretrovirus Lentivirus Spumavirus |
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Retroviridae alpharetrovirus species
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Avian leukosis virus
Chickens |
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Retroviridae betaretrovirus species
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Jaagalekte sheep retrovirus
Ovrine pulmonary adenocarcinoma virus |
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Gammaretrovirus species
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Feline leukemia virus
Feline sarcoma virus |
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Deltaretrovirus species
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Bovine leukemia virus
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Orthretrovirinae lentivirus species
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Caprine arthritis encephalititis virus
Visna/maedi virus Equine infectious anemia virus FIV |
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Retroviridae characteristics
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genome-neucloprotein (helical symmetry)
multi-layered structure on EM: capsid, matrix, envelope with pelomers, diploid genome - 2 copies of ssRNA |
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Retroviruses historically grouped by____ now grouped by
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morphology and host species
RNA studies, genetic organization |
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Retrovirus Types
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Type A - D
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Retrovirus Type A
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immature intracellular particles (capsids), non-enveloped
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Retrovirus Type B
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extracellular particles with eccentric core
assemble via type A intermediate |
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Retrovirus Type C
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extracellular particles with central core, assemble at cell membrane with cresent-shaped nucleocapsid
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Retrovirus Type D
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extracellular particles with cylindrical core
assemble via type A intermediate |
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Retroviridae Lentivirus
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maturation of capsid after budding (cleavage, assembly of capsid proteins)
cone-shaped capsid in mature virion |
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Avian leukosis/sarcoma virus (genus?)
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Alpharetrovirus
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Avian leukosis/sarcoma virus has 3 types
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Exogenous, replication-competant virus
Replication defective virus Endogeous virus |
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Avian leukosis/sarcoma virus exogenous replication competant virus causes
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lymphoid leukosis in chickens, quail, pheasants
malignant transformation of bursal lymphocytes (B cells) Lymphoid tumors in bursa, liver, spleen, and other organs low frequency in commerical breeding stocks horizontal and congenital infections |
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Avian leukosis/sarcoma virus Replication- defective virus
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more rapid transformation (presence of V-onc)
erhtyroblastosis (erythrocytic leukemia) myeloblastosis (myelocytic leukemia) others |
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Avian leukosis/sarcoma virus endogenous virus
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transmitted in germline
no known pathology |
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Jaagsietke sheep retrovirus is also called
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Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma virus
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Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus genus
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Betaretrovirus
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Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma virus causes
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grey to purple neoplasm, diffusely effects crainoventral lung
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OPAV may appear as
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solitary or multiple nodules
abundant frothy fluid in bronchioles, nasal passages |
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OPAV is characterized by
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neoplastic cells lining the alveolar, bronchiolar air spaces, metastatic spread to local lymph nodes,
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OPAV has high incidence in
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scotland, S. africa, Peru and sporadic in US
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OPAV clinical signs
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gradual loss of condition, dyspnea, moist rales, coughing (after herding), mucoid nasal discharge, normal temp and appetite,
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OPAV mostly infects
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mature sheep
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OPAV is transmitted
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horizontally via nasal discharge
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OPAV has lack of
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immune response and eventual death
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OPAV control
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cull affected animals
no TX, no VX |
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Feline leukemia virus genus
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Gammaretrovirus
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FeLV causes
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lymphosarcoma, immunosuppresion, anemia,(domestic, wild cats)
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FeLV incidence in US
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2 - 3 %
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FeLV has increased incidence in
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high risk groups, multi-cat households, outdoor cats, sick cats
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FeLV has what subgroups
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A, B, C and Feline sarcoma virus (FeSV)
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FeLV subgroup A
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only infectious subgroup
found in all infected cats least pathogenic, hematopoietic neoplasia |
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FeLV subgroup B
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arises via recombination of env gene with endogeous FeLV (RD-114, en FeLV)
50 % of infects cats are B+A higher frequency of lymphosarcoma (30%) |
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FeLV subgroup C
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arises via mutation in env gene
rare 1 % of infected cats (C+A, C+B+A) higher frequency of fatal non-regenerative anemia |
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FeLV sarcoma virus
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recombination of FeLV with cellualr oncogene to generate v-onc
replication defective, rapidly transforming (fibrosarcomas) |
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FeLV transmission
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saliva, nasal secretions, feces, urine, milk, transplacental close contact, bite wounds, kitten from infected queen, shared food/water/litterboes, social grooming
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FeLV clinical signs
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weight and appetite loss, poor hair coat, diarrhea, fever, anemia, immunosuppression , bone marrow suppression, gingivitis, stomatitis, URI/UTI, lymphosarcoma, abortion, neonatal death, fading kitten syndrome
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FeLV Dx
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histopathology of tumor
bone marrow biopsy ELISA FA, PCR |
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FeLV Tx
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supportive therapy
chemotherapy for remission of tumors |
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FeLV prevention
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disinfection
vaccination for cats at risk serologic testing of new cats, isolation of FeLV + cats from negative |
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Bovine leukemia virus is from what genus
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Deltaretrovirus
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Disease names of Bovine Leukemia virus
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lymphosarcoma
enzootic bovine leukosis |
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BLV causes
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neoplasia of B cells lymphoid tissue, mulitple organs,
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BLV is transmitted via
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lymphocytes(insects, milk, in utero, iatrogenic
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BLV commonly infects
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abomasum, heart, uterus, spleen, kidney, retrobulbar fat
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What percentage of US cows are seropositive
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30 -40 %
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BLV is less common in what type of cattle
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Beef
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BLV can be erradicated via
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test and slaughter or separation of seropositive cows
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Enzootic bovine leukosis infects
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adult cattle 4 - 8 years
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Enzootic Bovine leukosis seropositive cattle are
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persistently infected,(30%) lymphosarcoma, 5% asymptomatic carriers (majority)
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Enzootic bovine leukosis causes
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decreased milk production, decreased reproductive efficiency, increased susceptibility to disease
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Enzootic bovine leukosis economic losses
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restriction of sale, semen and embryos to foreign markets
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Sporatic bovine leukosis infects
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Young cattle < 2 years
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Sporativ bovine leukosis juvenile form
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< 6months
generalized lymph node enlargement, leukemia |
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Sporadic bovine leukosis thymic forms
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1 yr
large cranial thoracic mass |
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Sporadic bovine leukosis cutaneous form
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2 - 3 years
cutaneous plaques |
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Bovine leukemia virus DX
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weight loss, decreased milk production, enlarged peripheral lymph nodes
abnormal lymphocyte count, tumors via rectal exam, AGID, ELISA, PCR (calves confirmation of AGID) histopathology |
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Bovine leukemia virus control
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eradiation via test and slaughter
separation of seropositive cows, screen imports, eradication programs in some countries and US states. |
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Caprine arthritis encephalitits virus is from what genus
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Gammavirus
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Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus causes
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multisystemic lymphoproliferative disease of goats (widespread in dairy goats)
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Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is transmitted
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vertically via colstrum, milk, some horizontal through secretions
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