Retrograde Urography

Front 1

what type of exam is retrograde urography?

Back 1

nonfunctional radiographic exam of the urinary system

Front 2

how is contrast injected in retrograde urography?

Back 2

via catheterization in a retrograde fashion directly into the pelvicaliceal system

Front 3

why is retrograde urography considered nonfunctional?

Back 3

because the patient's physiologic processes are not involved

Front 4

2 indications for retrograde urography or evaluation of the collecting system

Back 4

1. renal insufficiency

2. allergic to iodinated contrast media

Front 5

how is function determined during a retrograde urogram?

Back 5

doctor injects blue dye into the veins of the patient by way of IV and watches the dye filter down into the bladder through a scope

Front 6

what two things do retrograde urograms demonstrate?

Back 6

1. location of urinary calculi

2. evaluate other types of obstructions

Front 7

what position is the patient started in for retrograde urograms?

Back 7

modified lithotomy position

Front 8

what are the typical radiographic images done for a retrograde urogram?

Back 8

1. scout

2. pyelogram

3. ureterogram

Front 9

what image is done when the pt is catheterized?

Back 9

scout

Front 10

what image demonstrates contrast filled renal pelvis on a retrograde urogram?

Back 10

Pyelogram

Front 11

what image is done when the urologist withdraws the cathetar and demonstrates the ureters without the cathetar?

Back 11

ureterogram

Front 12

what does the scout allow?

Back 12

the tech to check technique and positioning and the urologist to check the position of the catheter

Front 13

scout positioning; CR, down what plane;respiration

Back 13

KUB; iliac crest, down the msp; suspended

Front 14

what is the second radiograph?

Back 14

pyelogram

Front 15

how many ccs of contrast is injected through the catheter in a retrograde urogram?

Back 15

3-5ccs

Front 16

what is the third radiograph taken?

Back 16

ureterogram

Front 17

exam of the urinary bladder

Back 17

cystography

Front 18

exam of the urinary bladder and ureters

Back 18

cystoureterography

Front 19

exam of the urinary bladder and urethra

Back 19

cystourethrography

Front 20

radiographic exam of the urinary bladder after retrograde filling with a iodinated contrast media via a urethral catheter

Back 20

retrograde cystography

Front 21

where are retrograde cystograms performed?

Back 21

in the R&F room

Front 22

what type of study is a cystogram?

Back 22

static study

Front 23

indications for retrograde cystography (6)

Back 23

1. vesicoureteral reflux

2. recurrent urinary tract infections

3. bladder trauma

4. fistula

5. nocturnal enuresis- bed wetting

6. extravasation

Front 24

contraindications to retrograde cystography

Back 24

inability to catheterize patient

Front 25

what contrast media is used for retrograde cystography?

Back 25

diluted iodinated contrast

Front 26

how many bottles and what size for retrograde cystography?

Back 26

2x 300cc's bottles

Front 27

what is the bowel prep for retrograde cystography?

Back 27

none

Front 28

how many FPS for retrograde cystography?

Back 28

1 fps

Front 29

what are voiding studies done for?

Back 29

to show urethral canal and reflux

Front 30

once pt. is catheterized, what position are they placed in at the start of a voiding cystogram?

Back 30

supine

Front 31

typical foley cath size

Back 31

16 fr

Front 32

the smaller the fr.,

Back 32

the narrower the opening

Front 33

average bladder capacity

Back 33

500ccs

Front 34

what kvp for retrograde cystography?

Back 34

70-80kvp

Front 35

what size IRs for overheads during retrograde cystography?what orientation and why?

Back 35

10x12; LW to include distal ureters

Front 36

position and projections for overheads

Back 36

AP axial/PA axial- supine or prone

AP obliques- RPO and LPO

left lateral- lt. lateral recumbent

AP-supine (post void)

Front 37

CR for AP axial projection; respiration

Back 37

10-15* caudal @ 2" above p.s.; expiration

Front 38

CR for PA axial projection; where does it exit?

Back 38

10-15* cephalic, 1" distal to coccyx; slightly above p.s.

Front 39

how many degrees is the pt obliqued for AP oblique projection? how is the thigh positioned?

Back 39

40-60*; posterior

Front 40

CR for AP oblique

Back 40

T 2" above p.s. and 2" medial to upside ASIS

Front 41

respiration for AP oblique

Back 41

expiration

Front 42

what plane is centered for left lateral projection?

Back 42

MCP

Front 43

where is the IR centered for left lateral projection?

Back 43

2" above p.s.

Front 44

CR for left lateral projection

Back 44

T, 2" above p.s. on MCP

Front 45

respiration for left lateral projection

Back 45

expiration

Front 46

CR for post void on 10 x 12

Back 46

T, 2" above p.s.

Front 47

CR for post void on 14 x 17

Back 47

T to crest on MSP

Front 48

what does a post void image show if vesicoureteral reflux was present?

Back 48

whether the kidneys have emptied

Front 49

radiographic examination of the urinary bladder and urethra utilizing contrast

Back 49

cystourethrography

Front 50

what type of study is a cystourethrogram?

Back 50

functional study

Front 51

what is similar and what is different about cystourethrograms vs. cystograms?

Back 51

same general set up and similar procedure, except patient voids contrast on radiographic table under fluroscopy

Front 52

4 indications for cystourethrography

Back 52

1. urinary incontinence

2. dilatation of urethra

3. strictures

4. diverticuli

Front 53

contraindication to cystourethrography

Back 53

inability to cath. patient

Front 54

how many and what size bottles of contrast for cystourethrography

Back 54

2 350cc bottles

Front 55

how many fps for cystourethrography?

Back 55

2 fps

Front 56

what 2 positions and projections for cystourethrography

Back 56

AP-supine

AP oblique- RPO

Front 57

Male patient: how many degrees is the patient rotated for AP oblique cystourethrography? what position? how many FPS?

Back 57

35-40*; RPO;2

Front 58

what positions for female patient in cystourethrography? how many FPS?

Back 58

AP-supine and AP oblique 35-40*; RPO; 2

Front 59

what is metallic bead chain cystourethrography used for?

Back 59

done in females to check for anatomin abnormalities responsible for stress incontinence

Front 60

what are male urethrography procedures done for?

Back 60

to demonstrate full length of male urethra

Front 61

radiographic examination of urinary system in patients who had bladder removed due to CA

Back 61

loopogram

Front 62

loopograms require retrograde filling through

Back 62

stoma

Front 63

bladder is previously removed and ureters are connected to

Back 63

ileoconduit

Front 64

where is the stoma located usually when an ileoconduit is formed on a patient?

Back 64

Rt. lower quadrant

Front 65

a loopogram checks what?

Back 65

kidneys and ureters

Front 66

loopograms are performed where?

Back 66

R/F room

Front 67

how many FPS for loopograms? kVp for film? digital?

Back 67

1 fps; 70-80,80-85

Front 68

what type of contrast for loopogram?

Back 68

iodinated water soluble