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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CRVO
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-all 4 quadrants
-Collateral veins can form over weeks-months and drain retina to choroid -Usually involves artery compressing vein (due to HTN,DM) -90-day glaucoma from NVI -Ischemic=10DD of non-purfusion, 20/200 or worse -non-ischemic 20/40 or better |
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BRVO most common quadrant
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Superior temporal
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CRAO
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-White in all 4 quadrants
-HTN 67% -emboli are usually (1)calcific from heart (2) hollenhurst from carotic -20/400 or worse unless cilioretinal artery is present -APD, cherry red spot *Narrowed arteries may be only sign patient had CRAO -Giant cell arteritis, collegen vasular disease, sickle |
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Cilioretinal artery is present in about
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15-30%
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BRAO
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90% involve temporal
-Hollenhorst 60% |
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Diabetic Ret
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-Leading cause of new cases of blindness in US in ages 20-74
**-NEO in DM is always pre-retinal -Macular edema/ischemia -Neo:pre ret hemes, tractional ret detatchmnt, NVI/glaucoma -Damage to pericytes |
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Diabetic ret 2
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Proliferative: 5% of patients with Diabetic ret
-High risk for proliferative RULE OF 4-2-1 |
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Rule of 4-2-1
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Patient is labeld sever NPDR (develop PDR 10-50% in 1 year)if they have one or more:
4)severe hemes in 4 quadrants 2)venous beading in 2 quadrants 1)Irma in 1 quadrant |
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Sequale of PDR
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Vitreous of preret hemes, tractional ret detatchment, neo glaucoma
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Treatment for PDR is delayed untill High Risk Characteristis (HRC)are shown, what are they?
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1)NVD greater than 1/4 diameter
2)Any NVD,NVE with vitreous or pre-ret heme |
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CSME
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-most common reason for legal blindnes in Diabetic Ret
To be diagnosed with CSME one of the following must be present: 1)thickening within 1/3DD of foveal center 2)Exudate within 1/3DD 3)Thickening of at least 1DD within 1DD |
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Hypertensive Ret
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-Autoregulation problem
Vision is usually unaffected unless macular edema (macular star) serous retinal detatchment, vein occlusion |
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HTN Ret grading
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1)Increased light reflex, narrowing
2)nicking 3)hemes, CWS, exudates 4)Papilledema, macular star |
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Retinal macroaneurysm
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-Circinate exudates
-60+yo women, -HTN/athroscerosis |
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Amaurosis Fugax
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Temporary vision loss
-think carotid |
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Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
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-Gradual vision loss, pain, amaurosis fugax
-NVD,NVI -Atherosclerosis, Arteritis |
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Coats
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-8yo boy with unilateral leukocoria, strab
-Mounds of exudates |
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ROP
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-born less than 36 weeks
**Anteror temporal retina subject to neo and tractional RD -Temporal retinal vessels develop around 9mo |
