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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does PO stand for?
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Per Os - By Mouth
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How do you do a PO?
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Open Jaw
Place Med at Base of Tongue Close Mouth Message Throat See if they swallow! |
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What should you check the syringe for before giving them an injection?
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Bubbles!
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What are the steps for an IV injection of medicine?
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Check for bubbles
Have restrainer hold off vein Wipe with alcohol Insert needle bevel up Draw back on plunger Watch for flash of blood Slowly inject into vein Remove needle Apply pressure for 60-90sec |
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What does IV stand for
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Intra Venous
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What does SC stand for?
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Subcutaneous
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How do I give an SC injection?
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Most are done in scruff region
Lift skin, tent Insert needle at 30 degrees to lower portion of tent Draw back Inject contents Remove needle, message area If blood seen remove needle, get new one, start over. |
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What does an IM stand for?
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Intramuscular!
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What size needle should I use for an IM?
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22g or larger!
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How often should I flush a catheter?
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4-6 hours
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What is fluid maintenance numbers?
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Wt (lbs) x 20-30mL/lb/day
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Besides maintenance for fluids I need to consider?
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Ongoing losses!
Vommitting, diarrhea, polyuria and so on. If they are losing 50mL ever hour or two I need to compute that! |
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What is the deficit fluid numbers?
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Wt (lbs) x % dehydrated x 500 mL/lb
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What do I add together to know how much fluid I should give?
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Maintenance, Ongoing Losses, and Deficit! This is the total fluid needed!
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What is the best fluids for reverse of dehydration?
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Isotonic! Crystalloids!
Lactated Ringers, Normosol, 0.9%NaCl |
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If we have a hypertonic solution what happens?
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The cells have a higher concentration of water and this water will balance through osmosis with the outside area and reduce the size of the cells.
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If we have a hypotonic solution what happens?
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The cells have a lower concentration of water and this water in the outside will enter the cells and balance through osmosis. This increases the size of the cells.
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If we have a isotonic solution what happens?
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This fluid tries to balance between the cells and the outside so that a normal give and take is achieved.
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What do colloids do?
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They pull fluids from the tissues!
They up the blood volume! Hetastarch Plasm Blood |
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If you have poor perfusion what fluid would you use?
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Colloid!
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If you have dehydration what fluid would you use?
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Isotonic Crystalloid!
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Shock - If you have severe trauma such as burns etc what fluids would you use?
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Plasma, Synthetic Colloidal Fluid, Dextrans, Hetastarch
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Shock - If you have anemia what fluilds would you use?
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Whole Blood, Oxyglobin
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Shock - If you have septic shock what fluilds would you use?
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Glucose
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If the PCV is smaller than 20% what do you admin?
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Admin Colloids or blood!
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If the PCV is higher than 60% what do you admin?
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Need to dilute so admin crystalloids!
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What is an agent capable of preventing infection by inhibiting growth of infection agents; term generally applied to living tissues?
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Antiseptic
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What is an agent that destroys or inhibits microorganisms; typically applied to inanimate objects?
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Disinfectants
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What is the term for the destruction of ALL microorganisms; Typically on inanimate objects?
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Sterilize
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What is the process of cleaning to prevent disease called?
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Sanitation
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What is Iodine effective for?
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Antimicrobial agents with limited activity against spores!
Surgical Prep, Topical WOund Therapy & Lavage Residual Activity is 4-6 hours |
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What is Nolvasan?
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Chlorhexidine
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Chlorhexidine (Nolvasan) is a ?
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Broad Spectrum (Molds, Yeast, Bacteria and Viruses) anti microbial!
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Alcohols does no kill?
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Spores or Fungi!
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Anionic detegerents are?
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Limited disinfectant activity. Soap
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Cationic Detergents are?
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Bacteriocidal (vegetative)
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What is important to do between every patient?
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Wash hands!
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A kennel has how many sides?
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7! Not just six! outside!
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What does a Physical Exam include?
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Nose to Tail
TPR - Temp, Pulse, Heart Rate, Respiration History |
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What did Louis Pasteur discover?
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That it is possible to produce immunity to agents by vaccination!
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What is the Humeral Antibody Mediated cells?
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B Lymphocytes
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What is the Cell Mediated cells called?
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T Cell Lymphocytes
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What are the major vacines for Dogs?
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Distemper
Parvo (CPV-2) Rabies |
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What are the major vacines for Cats?
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Panleukopenia
Viral Rhinotracheitis Calicivirus Rabies |
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What are the major vacines for Horses?
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Five Way (EEE, WEE, Tetanus, Influenza, Herpes)
West Nile Rabies |
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What horse teeth should be removed?
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Wolf Teeth
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How often should you trim horse hooves?
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8 weeks
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What are the major vacines for Cattle?
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Parainfluenza - 3 (PI-3) Bovine resp syncytial virus (BRSV) Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) 7 or 8 way Clostridial bacterin |
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What are the major vaccines for Swine?
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Erysipelas (Diamond skin disease)
Leptospirosis Transmissible Gastroenterities (TGE) Porcine Rotavirus |
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What is the major problem with inactivated vaccines?
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Adjuvants may cause severe local reactions. They tend to need repeats
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What are some notes on handling vaccines?
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Never freeze
Never mix Keep away from heat and sunlight |
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What is the worst situation that can happen with a vaccine administration?
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Within 30 minutes severe allergic like reaction. Anaphalaxis!
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What is a life-threatening type of allergic reaction?
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Anaphylaxis
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What should you remember if you notice mild reatactions?
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At future vaccinations this could become moderate or servere reactions!
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