Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the purpose of restraint and handling of an animal?
|
To conduct veterinary medical procedures Safely!
|
|
|
What is the best form of restraint?
|
Safe, firm and gentle!
|
|
|
What should you consider when handling an animal?
|
Procedure
Species Illness |
|
|
In general restraint should be done?
|
With the least possible to conduct procedure without injury to animal or people.
|
|
|
Before you restrain an animal?
|
Assess the situation prior to approaching an animal.
|
|
|
What can animal bites cause?
|
Serious Infection!
|
|
|
What can improper restraint in cow or horse lead to in a rectal palpation?
|
Can lead to a rectal tear and or injury to the veterinarian!
|
|
|
What happens if you don't properly restrain for surgery?
|
Failure and danger to everyone involved.
|
|
|
Who is legally responsible for injuries to client during an exam?
|
The veterinarian!
Owners should not preform restraint! |
|
|
What are some primary concerns when approaching an animal?
|
Make presence known!
Find ways to mimic their specie! Comfort! |
|
|
What does ear position on an animal indicate?
|
General attitude of animal!
|
|
|
What is the tapetum lucidum?
|
This "bright tapestry" is a layer of tissue that reflects light back through the eye. It improves low light vision and gives the eye shine you see at night.
|
|
|
What are some main hazards with dogs?
|
Teeth
Nails |
|
|
What are some normal dog behaviors?
|
Sociable
Happy Wags Tail Comes to greet you! |
|
|
If a dog nips, what does it lead to?
|
Biting!
|
|
|
What is some aggressive dog behaviors?
|
Head low
hackles tail straight out attempts to make eye contact or looks away Growling |
|
|
What are some restraint tools?
|
Noose Leash
- Nylon/rope - One piece - Walk dog - Remove / place animal in kennel Capture Pole - Capture loose animal Blankets/Towels Muzzles |
|
|
What should you remember about a dog muzzle?
|
It shouldn't be left on for more than 20 minutes.
|
|
|
What are some hazards with Cats?
|
Teeth, Claws
|
|
|
What is depressed behavior of cats?
|
Not eating and or drinking.
Huddle in corner |
|
|
What are some things to consider with cat restraint?
|
Lock / close all doors and windows.
Calm cat = minimal restraint Only restrain a cat when needed, at moment of procedure, not before. Calm but firm, consistent Don't let go Communicate with peers |
|
|
What are some cat restraint tools?
|
Leash (noose)
Blankets / Towels - Cat burrito Cat bag - allows for catheter placement |
|
|
What are some horse hazards?
|
Teeth Biting
Front Feet striking, rearing or stepping on you Back feet kicking or stepping on you. Body, they can slam you or smash you against a wall. Head swing around and hit you in head. |
|
|
What should you remember about horse behavior?
|
They are unpredictable and have a very strong flight instinct.
|
|
|
What should you remember about horse restraint?
|
Keep calm and alert.
You are in charge of safety of everyone. Don't stand in front of the horse. Don't stand in danger zones. Stand on the same side as the vet. Control the head, neck and nose of the horse! |
|
|
What are some horse distraction techniques used on DVM orders only.
|
Muzzle twitch
Neck twitch Heavy Pats on forehead (works pretty good) Pick up foot - focuses them on balancing |
|
|
What are some tools with horse restraint?
|
Halter
Lead rope Chain Drugs |
|
|
What is an agnostic behavior in animals?
|
It is any behavior associated with conflict or fighting. This can be passive avoidance to extreme fighting.
|
|
|
Be careful with dairy bulls because?
|
They can charge and knock you to groun and attempt to crush you.
|
|
|
What are the dog restraint steps?
|
1. Introduce yourself - use their name, palm down.
2. Determine level of obedience/training. 3. Level of restraint baced on procedure and tolerance. 4. Reward dog with affection and/or treats after. Goal: Perform procedure without stress or trauma. |
|
|
What are some negative traumas that can occur from attempting to restrain a dog?
|
1. Trauma to animal - Sprains, muscles, bruising
2. Hyperthermia - Struggle, Stress and Excitement 3. Dyspnea (short nosed dogs) 4. Proptosis (eyes bulging) 5. Emotional Stress |
|
|
What are some things to keep in mind when restraining a dog?
|
Health Status!!!!
- Injuries - Back Problems - Arthritis - Respiratory Issues!!! |
|
|
What are some positions for dog restraint?
|
Dog Standing! - Arms around chest flank, or face!
Dog Standing! - Arms around neck/chest with tail up! Sitting Position! Sternal Recumbancy! - Might need to use body weight! Head Restraint! Lateral Recumbency! - Side, Likely used frequently. |
|
|
How should you approach the dog when putting on a muzzle?
|
Come from behind with muzzle!
|
|
|
What should I remember that is concern in dealing with cats and restraint? It has to deal with their lifestyle.
|
They don't travel a lot! So they are normally upset by the time they are at the clinic! It's all strange and scary to them so they are already tense!
|
|
|
What are some guidelines with cat restraint?
|
Minimal Restraint
Introduce yourself to cat and use their name! Watch for any sign of agitation Close all means of escape! They will find it! Scruffing!!!! Distraction techniques - rub nose, tap head, towels Be prepared prior to restraint! Have cage/crate open to return cat to comfy place. |
|
|
What's a good one hand hold for a cat restraint?
|
Scruffing the cat and holding back legs while they are stretched on table.
|
|
|
What is another form of cat restraint that uses a towel?
|
The cat burrito! End of towel from behind to front. Tuck sides under and fold over!
|
|
|
What are some basic guildelines for sample collections?
|
Make sure to prepare everything and have everything labled prior to doing the procedure! Goal is to be quick and get it done without issues! Be organized! Calm and firm!
|
|
|
If doing a venous blood sample on a small animal what is important to remember about the bevel side of the needle?
|
It needs to be facing up!
|
|
|
What are the areas of venipuncture on small animals?
|
Cephalic vein! Its in the leg! Helps to apply pressure and release!
Jugular vein! Lateral saphenous! Back leg! Medial Saphenous/femoral vein! Mostly for cats. Back leg |
|
|
What did we learn in class about urine samples?
|
It seems some vet techs normally do cystocentesis first instead of last!
In class it's listed as follows! Free Catch Catheterization |
|
|
What do you consider in administering medication to a small animal?
|
Patient condition & temperment!
Types of medication/fluids Urgency involved! Cost East of administration Systemic vs. local effect desired |
|
|
What is the most common route for vaccine administration in small animals?
|
Subcutaneous!
|
|
|
When giving a subcutaneous injection to a small animal what do you normally do?
|
Make a tent like fold in the skin!
Poke in and make sure no blood comes in (nerve/artery hit) Massage skin after to facilitate distribution of liquid! |
|
|
What are some areas to administer medicine?
|
Intramuscular!
Intranasal! Intratracheal! Intraosseous! Intraperitoneal! |
|
|
What are some other areas for administration of medicine that doesn't use a needle?
|
Ophthalmic! Eyes
Aural! Ears! Transdermal! Intrarectal! Tube! Oral! Orogastric intubation - Tube to stomach! |
|
|
What should you avoid doing around horses that may frighten them or endanger yourself?
|
Make Quick Movements
Startle the Horse Go Under the Horese Stand Directly in Front of the Horse |
|
|
What is one of the most important connections to a horse?
|
Touch! Their skin is very sensitive. Let them know you are near them.
|
|
|
When tying a horse what's some common sense concepts.
|
Quick Release Knott
Keep it short and off the ground Leave space between other horses so they don't fight. |
|
|
What are some dangers of Cattle?
|
Head butting
Kicking Trampling (Rare biting) |
|
|
What is the main tool for cattle restraint?
|
A chute! A mechanical device that lets you lock the bovine in and has doors that open.
|
|
|
What are some dangers in dealing with Sheep/Goats?
|
Stomping
Jumping Head Butting Goats bite too |
|
|
What are some hazards with swine?
|
Biting!
Also their size they can try and get you! They may seem low to the ground but they can weight several hundred pounds. |
|
|
With jugular venipuncture on large animals what are some important notes?
|
Apply digital pressure to lower 3rd of jugular groove.
Needle is placed at 45% angle |
|
|
Another common way especially with cattle is coccygeal venipuncture. List some facts!
|
Sterilize!
18-20 g needle! Placed 6th to 7th vertebrae perpendicular to midline! |
|
|
What is another common area on milk cows for venipuncture that is a very large vein?
|
Milk vein venipuncture! Use a stanchion to confine cow!
|
|
|
With equine you commonly use what vein and needle?
|
Jugular venipuncture!
Stroke to ID. Should be right in groove of neck! 20g needle! |
|
|
A scary venipuncture with Porcine is what?
|
Cranial vena cava! 20g and has to be under 25 lbs!
|
|
|
What is a safer way for porcine venipuncture?
|
The jugular vein!
|
|
|
What is another place to draw blood on Porcine that can give you about 5mls. Small sample?
|
The auricular vein! Ears!
|
|
|
Sheep and goats use the Jugular vein as well! List some facts
|
20 to 22 g needle.
Sit the sheep down like a human to take blood. Need help do do this. |
|
|
One way to collect bovine and even other urine is to do what to the animal?
|
Stroke perineum or lips of vulva. Collect midstream!
|
|
|
Routes of administration of IV on large animals is?
|
Bovine - Jugular vein - 16-18 needle
Equine - Jugular vein - 18-20 needle Sheep/Goats - Jugular vein - |
|
|
What is important to note about IM injections on large animals?
|
You want to put it in a place it can drain if you have an abscess from injection. Also in livestock you don't want to damage areas of high value meat.
|
|
|
What does nasogastric intubation mean?
|
An NG is a tube through the nose to the stomach to put in large volumes of medication.
|
|
|
What does an orogastric intubation mean?
|
This is a tube through the mouth to the stomach to put large volumes of medication in. The difference with nasal is that the animal can chew and destroy the tube.
|
|
|
What are the three layers of skin from outer to inner?
|
Epidermis - Outer
Dermis - Middle Hypodermis (Subcutaneous) - Connects to Bone/Muscle |
|
|
What are the two classifications of wounds?
|
Open and Closed!
Open is Lacerations or skin loss! Closed is crushing injuries and contusions! |
|
|
What are the five types of wounds?
|
1. Abrasion - Loss of skin
2. Avulsion - Tearing from attachment 3. Incision - Cut by sharp object 4. Laceration - Irregular wound, tearing 5. Puncture - Skin penetrated - Internal damage |
|
|
What is the loss of the epidermis and portions of the dermis called?
|
Abrasion
|
|
|
What is the tearing of tissue from an attachment due to force called?
|
Avulsion
|
|
|
What is a wound created by a sharp object with smooth edges and minimal trauma?
|
Incision
|
|
|
What is an irregular wound caused by tearing of tissue with varying degrees of damage?
|
Laceration
|
|
|
What is a wound where the skin has been penetrated by a sharp object. Typically minimal superficial damage but considerable damage to underlying structures and contamination.
|
Puncture
|
|
|
What are four phases of the healing process?
|
Phase 1: Inflammation
Phase 2: Debridement Phase 3: Repair Phase 4: Maturation |
|
|
What is the phase called when hemorrhage and wound cleansing occur. Vessels constrict for 5 to 10 minutes. And blood clots form. Scabs often form.
|
Inflammation Phase
|
|
|
What is the phase when WBC start removing necrotic tissue, debris, bacteria, etc. Attempt to rebuild tissue begins!
|
Debridement Phase
|
|
|
What is the phase when fibroblasts produce collagen? Granulation tissue forms. Wound size contracts. Time frame is 3-5 days.
|
Repair Phase
|
|
|
What is the phase when scarring and remodeling takes places. Can take a very long time for completion of remodeling.
|
Maturation Phase
|
|
|
What are some general factors in the bodies wound healing abilities?
|
Age
Infection Underlying disease Corticosteroids Nutrition And how wound is handled |
|
|
What are some general steps in a wound lavage?
|
Step 1: Clean debries - K-Y Jelly
Step 2: Clean around wound area - Antimicrobial Step 3: Remove Jelly and Wash Wound (Iso Saline) Step 4: Debridement by DVM and Suture |
|
|
How do you deal with a Laceration wound?
|
If less than 12 hours: Debridement, Lavage and Suture
If more than 12 hours: Depridement and Lavage |
|
|
How do you deal with a Abrasion wound?
|
Bandage to protect surface and moisten.
Clean daily |
|
|
How do you deal with an Puncture wound?
|
Treat by flushing/ Exploring and place drain
Use Systemic antibiotics |
|
|
What is a degloving injury?
|
I believe when skin has been lost. And the owner wants to use other skin to cover area. Intensive and over several mounts. Lots of skin grafting and such.
|
|
|
What do you do when you bandage an animal?
|
Clean wounds of course!
PLace Stirrups ( Anchor your Tape) Apply 4 Layers of bandage - Contact - Padding - Conforming Gauze - Protective (VetWrap) |
|
|
What are two types of bandages named after a certain gentleman?
|
Robert Jones & Modified Robert Jones
First is to Immobilize Limb - Like Splint Modified is Simple Padding to prevent swelling |
|
|
What is the concern with abdominal bandages?
|
They can only be on for 4 hours! They are very constrictive and dangerous.
|
|
|
What are splints used for?
|
To stabilize limbs after fractures or strains.
|
|
|
What does a Velpeau Sling do?
|
It prevents movement of joints of forelimb such as in shoulder injuries. It holds the flexed forelimb against the chest.
|
|
|
What does an Ehmer sling do?
|
Immobolizes a hind limb hip joint. Has to be rotated and basicly contracts the limb up to the body.
|
|
|
What are casts used for and what are they made of?
|
They are used to stabilize fractured limbs.
Fiberglass is most common. |
|
|
What should you watch for in bound wounds that could help save an animals life?
|
Swollen toes
Wet Bandage Bad Odor Limping or favoring that is worse Cold Toes Wounds on skin or around bandage! |
|
|
What taking a PE what is the main thing you ask first?
|
What is the Chief Complaint!
|
|
|
How do I record a RR (Respiration Rate)?
|
Feel Breath!
Hand on Flank Panting: Record what you observe! Looking at abdomin |
|
|
How long do you leave a thermometer in?
|
1 to 3 minutes.
|
|
|
What are the 5 leveled body scores?
|
1 = Emaciated - Starving
2 = Thin 3 = Moderate - Healthy 4 = Stout 5 = Obese! |
