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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What is general etiology?
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Hereditary and congenital factors, or developmental and metabolic disturbances - can occur during any phase of development by phase of development
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2. What is the initiation stage of tooth development?
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First sign of tooth development seen during the 6th week of embryonic life
Certain cells in the basal layer of the oral epithelium begin to proliferate |
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3. What types of anomalies can occur during the initiation stage of tooth development?
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Abnormal Number of Teeth
1. Partial Anodontia 2. Supernumary |
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4. What is partial anodontia (hypodontia)?
What is the order of greatest occurence? |
Result of hereditary factors that preclude the initiation of one or more tooth buds
1. Permanent 3rd molars 2. Maxillary lateral incisors 3. Mandibular 2nd premolars |
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5. What percent of individuals have partial anodontia?
What is the least often missing tooth? Does anodontia occur in the deciduous dentition? |
5%
Permanent canines Rare - almost always involves the mandibular central incisor |
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6. What is supernumary?
What does it result from? |
Accessory teeth seen in both dentitions (1-2% of population)
Results from an aberration in the initiation period Tooth bud gets turned on that shouldn't have |
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7. What is the order of greatest occurrence for supernumary anomalies?
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1. 3rd Molars
2. Maxillary central incisors 3. Mandibular premolar area |
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8. What happens in the bud stage of tooth development?
What characterizes the cap stage? |
Unequal growth in different parts of the bud leads to formation of the cap stage
Shallow invagination on the deep surface of the bud |
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9. What exerts influence in the bud and cap stage of tooth development?
What shape does the enamel organ assume? What general anomalies occur in this stage? |
Epithelium over the adjacent mesenchymal tissue
Epithelium deepens and enamel organ assumes bell shape Abnormal size and shape |
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10. What specific anomalies are assigned to the bud and cap stage of tooth development?
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1. Macrodontia
2. Microdontia 3. Peg shaped incisors 4. Taurodontism 5. Dilaceration 6. Flexion 7. Gemination 8. Fusion 9. Dens-in-dente 10. Concresence 11. Segmented root, dwarfed roots 12. Hypercementosis 13. Accessory cusps/roots, missing cusps 13. Enamel pearls 14. Odontoma |
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11. What is macrodontia?
What is microdontia? What is the most common type of microdontia? |
Individual teeth are sometimes excessive in size
Smaller in size, more commone than macrodontia Peg laterals and small 3rd molars **Most variation in maxillary lateral incisors (besides 3rd molars) |
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12. What is peg-shaped lateral incisors?
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Most common anomaly in tooth shape in the anterior region of the permanent dentition
1-2% of the population |
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13. What is taurodontism?
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A molar w/ an elongated crown and apically placed furcation of the roots resulting in enlarged rectangular pulpal chamber
1. Extra large crown 2. Very long pulp chamber (large) 3. Low furcation (apical) |
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14. What is dilaceration?
How are all roots in general? What does it usually result from? (two things) |
Distortion of the root and crown from their normally linear relationship
**very unusual for centrals Bent to distal (but dilaceration is extreme - almost at right angle) 1. Traumatic injury 2. Pressure to the area of developing tooth |
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15. What is flexion?
What makes curvatures and deflections anomalies? |
Involves only a distortion of the root portion
Very sharp (right angles) |
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16. What is germination?
What is another name for it? |
Incomplete splitting of a single tooth germ
Twinning |
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17. What is the result of germination?
(four things) How can you clinically tell if it is germination? How many teeth does a person have if there is germination? |
1. Tooth that is wide MD
2. Has an incisal notch 3. Single root 4. Common wide pulp cavity Look at x-ray to see pulp and distinguish from fusion Still have normal # of teeth if germination |
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18. What is fusion?
What does fusion usually involve? What is there always with fusion that makes it different from germination? |
Considered to be the result of the union of two adjacent tooth buds (usually deciduous)
Crowns, but may involve the roots 2 pulps |
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19. How many teeth do people w/ fusion have?
How can you tell fusion from germination? |
One less tooth b/c fused teeth count as 1
Clinically won't know unless take x-ray to see if there is 1 or 2 pulps |
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20. What is dens-in-dente?
What else it is called? |
Condition that occurs when the enamel organ becomes invaginated and the normally external structures of enamel and dentin become reversed inside the pulp cavity
"Tooth within a tooth" -x-ray appearance of a small tooth w/in a tooth |
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21. How is dens-in-dente treated?
Where is it most commonly found? Where is it rare? |
Usually requires endodontic treatment b/c bacteria gets in
Permanent maxillary lateral incisors (lingual defects leave a large pit that may easily become carious) Rare in posterior teeth |
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22. What is dens invaginatus?
What happens when it is severe? |
Developmental anomaly in which a focal area of the crown of maxillary lateral incisor is folded in ward for various distances
Concially shaped tooth w/ small surface opening (dens in dente) that quickly become subject to caries, pulpitis, and periapical inflammation |
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23. What is concresence?
Where is it most common? |
Union of the root structure of two or more teeth through cementum only
(fusion at root only) Permanent molars (particularly in maxillary arch) |
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24. What is segmented root?
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Caused by some disturbances during root development
Results in two separated root segments |
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25. What are dwarfed roots?
Where are they usually found? |
Normal sized crowns have abnormally short roots
Permanent maxillary central incisors |
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26. What is hypercementosis?
What is it most often associated with? What does it result from? (three things) |
Excessive cementum formation around the root of a tooth
Permanent molars 1. Chronic inflammation of the pulp 2. Trauma 3. Local or systemic metabolic disease |
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27. What is the most commonly observed dental anomaly?
What are they on cusps? What are they on roots? |
Accessory cusps or roots
Tubercles found most often on 3rd molars or maxillary incisors near cingulum (talon cusp) Found most often on 3rd molars |
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28. What are missing cusps?
What cusps are often missing? (three) |
Small cusps, diminutive cusps of the permanent dentition
1. L cusp of mandibular 1st premolar 2. DL cusp of maxillary molars 3. D cusp of mandibular 1st molar |
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29. What are enamel pearls?
What other names for them? Where are they usually found on? |
Small spherical nodules of enamel surrounding a dentin core attached to the roots of teeth
Enamelomas or enamel drops Furcation area of molars |
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30. What is an odontoma?
How is it corrected? |
Abnormal growth of calcified dental tissues involving tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin
Small - remove by oral surgery Large - leave alone |
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31. What is complex odontoma?
What is compound odontoma? |
Consists of one mass of calcified dental tissues exhibiting no definite dental form
Calcified dental tissues arranged in the shape of recognizable tooth form |
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32. What happens at the end of the bell stage?
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Cells of the inner enamel epithelium move into the stellate reticulum and differentiate into ameloblasts
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33. What happens in the apposition and maturation stage?
What anomalies can occur doing this phase? |
Dentin and enamel formation take place simultaneously along a line that will become the DEJ
1. Enamel dysplasia / hypoplasia 2. Amelogenisis Imperfecta 3. Turner's tooth 4. Hutchinson's teeth |
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34. What is tome's processes?
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The distal ends of the ameloblasts which secrete the enamel matrix around which crystal hydroxyapatite forms
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35. What is enamel dysplasia?
What are some etiologic agents of enamel dysplasia? Which teeth are affected? |
Bands, ridges, or pitted areas of discolored enamel
**encompasses all enamel development abnormalities Local, systemic, or hereditary Only teeth undergoing enamel formation at the time of the disturbance are affected |
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36. What is enamel hypoplasia?
What could cause it? (six things) |
A lack of enamel on the outside of the teeth
1. Illness or vitamin deficiency 2. Local infection or trauma (Turner's tooth) -in baby tooth and goes up to permanent teeth 3. Congenital syphilis 4. Birth injury or idiopathic factors 5. Genetic amelogensis imperfecta |
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37. What is focal hypomaturation?
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Single, chalky white or opaque area (often found on anterior teeth)
Enamel hypoplasia |
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38. What is amelogensis imperfecta?
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Enamel hypoplasia of a hereditary cause
Spectrum of hereditary defects in the function of ameloblasts and the mineralization enamel matrix that results in teeth w/ multiple generalized abnormalities affecting the enamel layer only |
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39. Where is amelogensis imperfecta found?
When do you treat it and why? |
On all of the teeth
Treat at early age b/c dentin will wear down quickly **Enamel is excessively thin and brittle |
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40. What is dental fluorosis?
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Mottled enamel
Intake of excessively high levels of fluoride leaves chalky white bands or areas which later become pigmented in a brown or yellow fashion |
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41. What is Turner's tooth?
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Infection in primary tooth affects/gets into permanent tooth
Usually a result of injury to the developing permanent tooth follicle through trauma, extraction procedures of deciduous tooth, or periapical infection **see on one tooth |
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42. What is Hutchinson's teeth?
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Permanent incisors w/ a deep notch and mulberry-like first molars w/ poorly developed cusps
Hypoplastic defects |
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43. What causes Hutchinson's teeth?
What disturbance is related with Hutchinson's teeth? |
Prenatal syphilis
Involves a disturbance of the calcification by the treponema organism during ameloblastic morphodifferentiation |
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44. What does the dentin dysplasias distrub?
What are they similar to? How are they different? |
Dentin matrix formation and calcification during histodifferentiation and apposition
All aspects of enamel dysplasias Dental tissue involved is dentin rather than enamel |
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45. What is tetracyline staining?
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Administration to the infant or mother during prenatal periods imparts an intrinsic color change to the dentint
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46. What is hereditary dentinogenesis imperfecta?
How are the teeth? |
Bluish-brown crowns w/ obliterated pulp chambers and weak enamel that is subject to easy fracture
1. Oplescent teeth 2. Composed of undermineralized dentin -obliterates the coronal and root pulpal chambers |
