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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what muscle separates the heart into the left & right halves?
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septum
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what are the genera names for the aortic, tricuspid, mitrol, and pulmonary valves?
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atrioventricular valve: tricuspid & mitrol
semilunar: aortic & pulmonary |
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whaT IS The circulation of the pulmonary & systemic systems?
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Pulmonary: heart & lung
Systemic: heart & body |
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what is the upper chamber the heart?
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atriums
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what is the lower chamber of the heart?
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ventricles
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the passage of air
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-nose / nasal cavity
-pharnym --> larnyx -trachea -bronchi -bronchioles -alveoli |
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what surrounds the heart & secretes fluid?
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parricardium
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pattern of the flow of blood
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<3 --> arteries --> aterioles --> capallaries --> venuoles --> veins --> <3
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what happens in systolic pressure?
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ventricles contract
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what happens in disatolic pressure?
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ventricles relax
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what is the formal name for white blood cells?
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lymphocytes
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what is the formal name for red blood cells?
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erythocytes
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which valves open and close during systoli?
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OpeN: aortic & pulmonary
Closed: tricuspid & mitrol |
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how many lobes does each lung have?
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3 on the right, 2 on the left
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what is the name of the cell that consumes organisms?
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phagocyte
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layers of tissues thet make up walls or arteries and veins
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outer layer: connective tissue
middle layer: smooth muscle inner layer: endothelial |
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what is the responsibility of the respitory system?
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to transport gases to and from the circulatory system
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what does the right side of the heart do?
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pumps blood to the lungs
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what does the left side of the heart do?
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pumps blood to the body
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what is the sinoatrial node?
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an area in the right atrium where cells create their own electrical impulses, which causes the cells to contract
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why is the sinoatrial node called a pacemaker?
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because it regulates the rate of contraction for the entire heart
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what is hypertension?
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high blood pressure
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what is a lymph?
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excess fluid in tissues that moves into the tiny vessels of the lymphatic system
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what are lymphocytes?
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white blood cells that are specialized to fight disease
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define coronary
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(in the heart)
one subsystem of systemic circulation that supplies blood to the heart itself |
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define renal
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(kidney)
supplies blood to the kidneys |
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define hepatic portal
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(liver)
nutrients picked up by capillaries in the small in testine and are transported by the blood to the liver |
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what is atherosclerosis
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disease characterized by the buildup of fatty materials on the interior walls of the coronary artery (cause high blood pressure)
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what does the pulmonary artery carry?
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deoxygenated blood
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what is external respiration?
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the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood
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what is internal respiration?
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the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells
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where are the lungs located?
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the thoracic cavity
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what is the thoracic cavity bounded by?
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the ribs and the diaphragm
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what lines the thoracic cavity and encases the lungs?
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pleura
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what is pleura?
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membranes that secrete a mucous that decreases friction from the movement of the lungs during breathing
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what is the epiglottis?
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a flap of cartilege that closes to prevent food from entering the trachea
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what is the trachea?
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a cartilaginous tube for the passage of air
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what happens in the larnyx
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sounds are produced as air is swept past the vocal chords
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which is inside of which?
(bronchi & bronchioles) |
bronchioles inside of bronchi
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what do the bronchi lead to?
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the lungs
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what are the alveoli?
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air sacs
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hemoglibin & gas exchange
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responsble for transporting Iron (Fe) & O2 gas
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what is inspiration?
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-the diaphragm pushes down & flattens
-thoracic cavity volume goes up -breath O2 in |
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what is expiration?
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-release CO2
-thoracic volume goes down -diaphram arches up and under the ribs |
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the rate of breathing is controlled by....
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the brain
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what increases breathing?
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increased levels of CO2
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when does the breathing rate decrease?
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when levels of CO2 decrease (the brain tells the breathing rate to slow down)
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Cilia that line the walls of air passageways ...
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clean the inspired air
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the exchange of gases that occurs at an alveolus depends on...
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concentration gradient
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carbon dioxide is transported in the blood....
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bound to hemoglobin, plasma, and bicarbonite ions
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Inspiration occurs when...
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thoracic volume increases
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the rate of breathing is controlled by cells within...
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the brain
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when oxygen is carried by the blood, it is bonded to ......
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hemogloibin
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phagocytes...
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engulf microorganism
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platelets...
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are involved with blood clotting
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mature red blood cells...
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do not have a nucleus
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if someone is receiving a blood transfusion what is most important?
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the donors blood type
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how might lack of dietary iron affect the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood?
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low iron = low oxygen
(oxygen needs to bind to the iron) |
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why can type O blood be donated in a blood transfusion regardless of the recipients blood type?
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no antigens = no other blood will fight it off
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alveoli, inspiration
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alveoli are the air sacs that hold air when it is taken in by inspiration
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epiglottis, trachea
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the epiglottis is a flap of skin of cartilage that closes to prevent food from entering trachea, which is a passegway for air
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expiration, larnyx
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air swept out by expiration, moves past the larnyx to create sound in the vocal chords
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what is most important to a heartbeat...
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sinoatrial node
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exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and body tissues occurs across...
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capillaries
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what charicteristic is unique to the pulmonary circulation?
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an artery that originates at the right ventricle
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the lymphatic system is important for the normal function of the body because it....
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returns excess intercellular fluid to the cardiovascular system
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1st & 2nd part of heart beat
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sinoatral node; atrioventricular node
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define arteriole
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small artery
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define venule
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small vein
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if the aortic valve could not close completely, would the diastolic pressure or systolic pressure be affected the most?
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diastolic pressure b/c if the aortic valve can never close completely, the valve can never relax. (ventricles cant relax properly w/ the aortic valve not closed)
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how would a defect of the mital valve affect the circulation?
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blood would not be able to leave the aorta
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