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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four types of bronchogenic carcinoma?
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma Large Cell Carcinoma Small Cell Carcinoma |
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Anatomically, what area is most commonly affected in Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
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Large bronchi
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Histologically, what will you see wtih squamous cell carcinoma?
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keratin pearl/intracellular bridge
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Histologically, what will you see wtih squamous cell carcinoma?
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keratin pearl/cellular bridge
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If you saw keratin pearls and cellular bridges on biopsy from a large bronchi what should you be thinking?
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Squamous cell Carcinoma
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Adenocarcinoma is most commonly seen in what population?
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nonsmoking females
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Basic features of papillary carcinoma?
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little or no mucous production, tall columnar cells without cilia
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Basic features of bronchioalveolar carcinoma?
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exhibits a 'lipidic' growth pattern
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Basic features of bronchioalveolar carcinoma?
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exhibits a 'lipidic' growth pattern
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What is the nucleus to cytoplasm ratio (in general) for a large cell carcinoma?
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the nucleus is HUGE relative to a moderate amount of cytoplasm
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What is the histological growth patter for adenocarcinoma?
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honeycomb pattern
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This is a list of all the buzz words for Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
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large bronchi, keratin pearl, cellular bridge
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Neuroendocrine carcinoma originates from what type of cell?
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Kulchitsky cell
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Carcinoid tumors arise where and look like what?
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These tumors are similar to large cell carcinomas; arise anywhere from main to segmental bronchi; iceburg shaped, well defined, glossy and pink
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What are the EM findings for carcinoid tumors?
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the cells have dense core granules and are positive for seratonin
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What are the EM findings for small cell carcinomas?
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neurosecretory granules, present in a cytoplasmic process/beneath the cell membrane
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TNM: grading refers to...
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level of differentiation
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TNM: staging refers to...
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extent of cancer
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What is a hamartoma?
this wasn't on his quizetta, but you should know it!!! |
Abnormal mix of cell and tissue in an area of the body where that growth occurs normally!!!
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What is a hamartoma?
this wasn't on his quizetta, but you should know it!!! |
Abnormal mix of cell and tissue in an area of the body where growth occurs normally!!!
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What is a branchial cleft cyst?
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A growth of lymphoid infiltrate (aka it has germinal centers) found on the lateral aspect of the neck
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In what population do we usually see a branchial cleft cyst?
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Older children!
The branchial cleft fails to close during embryonic development. Even though this is a congenital defect, it is not noticable at birth. |
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What is the most common trancheoesophageal fistula?
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87% are esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula
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Kids with a tracheoseophageal fistula will present how?
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excessive salivation, choking, coughing, vomiting and cyanosis with feeding
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What is pulmonary sequestration?
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Discrete mass of lung tissue without any normal connection to airway system; blood supply comes directly from aorta
I would read Robbins p. 713 |
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What are the three types of congenital cyctic adenomatoid malformation? which is most common? which has a good prognosis? which has a poor prognosis?
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I- large cysts, most common, good prognosis
II- small cysts, poor prognosis, associated with other chest abnormalities III- solid cysts, poorest prognosis --> bulky, with mediastinal shift |
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What are the three types of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation? which is most common? which has a good prognosis? which has a poor prognosis?
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I- large cysts, most common, good prognosis
II- small cysts, poor prognosis, associated with other chest abnormalities III- solid cysts, poorest prognosis, bulky mass-->mediastinal shift |
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What are the three types of congenital cyctic adenomatoid malformation? which is most common? which has a good prognosis? which has a poor prognosis?
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I- large cysts, most common, good prognosis
II- small cysts, poor prognosis, associated with other chest abnormalities III- solid cysts |
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this is a true papillar adenoca --> bronchial surface cell type with little or no mucus production...it is also composed of tall columnar cells arranged in a tubular fashion
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Papillary carcinoma
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this occurs in the pulmonary parenchyma and is almost always in the peripheral portion of the lung...The growth pattern is lepidic. What is this?
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BRONCHIOLOALVEOLAR CA
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this occurs in the pulmonary parenchyma and is almost always in the peripheral portion of the long...The growth pattern is lepidic. What is this?
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BRONCHIOLOALVEOLAR CA
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this is An undifferentiated malignant epithelial tumor that has cells with large nuclei and affects males to females in a ratio of 4:1
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Large cell carcinoma
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this can be found in the major bronchi, and is either bicameral or iceberg shaped...it is well-defined with a smooth lobulated or granular ivory to pink glistening cut surface...
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Carcinoid tumors
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these tend to show more cellular atypia, increased cellularity, nucleoli, lymphatic invasion and disorganized architecture...
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atypical carcinoid
**↑ cellular atypia = p53 mutations or abnormalities of BCL2 & BAX** |
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these tend to show more cellular atypia, increased cellularity, nucleoli, lymphatic invasion and disorganized architecture...
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atypical carcinoid
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the micro findings of:
ill-defined cell borders, finely granular chromatin (salt & pepper), round, oval or spindle shaPed cells... are consistent with? |
SMALL CELL CARCINOMA
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the micro findings of:
ill-defined cell borders, finely granular chromatin (salt & pepper), round, oval or spindle shpaed cells... are consistent with? |
SMALL CELL CARCINOMA
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this is the most aggressive of lung tumors, it metastasizes widely and is virtually incurable via surgery...
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small cell carcinoma
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seen in young kids, Air enters lungs but cannot leave easily
Lungs become over-inflated Causes respiratory function to decrease Air leaks out into space around lungs... |
CONGENITAL LOBAR EMPHYSEMA
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this is a discrete mass of lung tissue without any normal connection to the airway systems....what is this?
Where does it get it's blood from? |
Pulmonary Sequestration
Blood supply – NOT from the pulmonary arteries – but from aorta or its branches |
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what is an extralobar sequestration
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Portion of lung tissue develops outside normal lung
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Brachial Cleft Cysts are congenital. What happens during embryonic development?
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Second brachial cleft fails to close during embryonic development
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You are looking at a micro slide of Extralobar Sequestations. Do you expect to see inflammation?
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No, you would see immature lung tissue without inflammatory changes
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Intralobar sequestrations occur where?
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Within lung substance of older children with recurrent localized infection, emphysema, bronchiectasis ect...
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How are most lesions associated with intralobar sequestrations caused?
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Most acquired lesions via repeated pneumonia episodes
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You are looking at a micro slide of a patient with intralobar sequestrations. What would you expect to see?
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Parenchymal Fibrosis with distortion of airspaces.
** Inflammation** |
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BUZZWORDS:
-keratin pearls -intracellular bridges -orange keratinization -Highest frequency of p53 mutations of any lung carcinoma |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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The most common lung neoplasm associated with hypercalcemia
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Squamous Cell Bronchogenic Carcinoma
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Male smokers are more likely to develop which neoplasms?
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Squamous and Small Cell Carcinoma
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A key feature of this lung neoplasm is growth along preexisting structures without destruction of alveolar architecture (scale-like gowth)
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Bronchialveolar Carcinoma
**Lepidic growth** |
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BUZZWORDS:
-Early mediastinal lymph involvement -Strong relationship to smoking -Most aggressive of lung tumors -Incurable via Surgery -Ectopic Hormone Production |
Small cell carcinoma
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You are looking at a micro slide of a lung neoplasm and see:
-Ill defined borders - Finely granular chromatin (salt & pepper pattern) -Absent or inconspicuous nuclei |
Small Cell Carcinoma
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This respiratory neoplasm is associated with HIGH levels of antiapoptotic protein BCL2 and LOW expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAX
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Small Cell Carcinoma
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Patient presents with persistent cough, hemoptysis, impairment of drainage --> secondary infections
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Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor
**Impaired drainage and infections due to intralumenal growth" |
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these lack necrosis, and DO NOT have p53 mutations or abnormalities
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Typical Carcinoid
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