Respiratory/pulmonary Notes From Other Si

Front 1

Upper Airway Obstruction

Back 1

Upper airway obstruction occurs when the nose, mouth and pharynx, or larynx becomes partially or totally blocked, cutting off the Oxygen supply.

Front 2

Upper Airway Obstruction:

CAUSES

Back 2

Several conditions can cause upper airway obstruction, including trauma tumors, and foreign objects.

Front 3

Upper Airway Obstruction:

CONSEQUENCES

Back 3

If not treated promptly, upper airway obstruction can lead to hypoxemia, (insufficient oxygen in the blood) and then progress quickly to severe hypoxia ( lack of oxygen to the tissues), loss of consciousness, and death.

Front 4

V/Q

Back 4

V/Q = The ratio of ventilation to perfusion

The V/Q ratio expresses the effectiveness and gas exchange.

Front 5

Exchange of O2 and CO2

Back 5

How much O2 and CO2 trade places in the alveoli?

This depends largely on the amount of air in the alveoli (ventilation) and the amount of blood in the pulmonary capillaries (perfusion).

V/Q ratio

Front 6

Effective Gas Exchange

Back 6

For effective gas exchange, ventilation and perfusion must match as closely as possible. In normal lung function, the alveoli receive air at a rate of about 4L/minute while the capillaries supply blood to the alveoli at a rate of about 5 L/minute

Front 7

Normal Lung Function

Back 7

In normal lung function, the alveoli receive air at a rate of about 4L/minute while the capillaries supply blood to the alveoli at a rate of about 5 L/minute

Front 8

Cor Pulmonale

Back 8

In Cor pulmonale, hypertrophy and dilation of the right ventricle develop secondary to a disease affecting the structure or function of the lungs or associated structures.

Front 9

Cor Pulmonale Consequences

Back 9

Cor Pulmonale causes pulmonary hypertension which increases the heart’s workload.

To compensate, the right ventricle hypertrophies to force blood through the lungs.

As long as the heart can compensate for the increased pulmonary vascular resistance, signs and symptoms reflect only the underlying disorder.

Front 10

COPD

Back 10

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Front 11

Asthma

Back 11

Form COPD that’s an inflammation of the bronchi caused by resistance in small airways from prolonged irritant inhalation.

Front 12

Cor Pulmonale effects what?

Back 12

Cor pulmonale:

condition that develops secondary to disease that effects the structure or function of the lungs or associated structures.

Front 13

Pneumonia

Back 13

Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma that impairs gas exchange

Front 14

Pulmonary Edema

Back 14

Pulmonary Edema is a common complication of cardiac disorders that’s marked by accumulated fluid in the extravascular spaces of the lung

Front 15

Pulmonary Embolism

Back 15

Pulmonary embolism is an obstruction of the pulmonary arterial bed caused by a dislodged thrombus, heart valve growths , or a foreign substance.