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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pleural membrane structure and function |
1 around each lung, 1 adheres wall of thoracic cavity Thin layer of fluid - allows surface of lungs to slide easily during inspiration/expiration - seals off thoracic cavity so pressure change doesn’t effect rest of body - interpleural pressure less than atmospheric pressure which keeps lungs open |
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How does air change when inhaled |
Nose: hairs filter out dirt/dust, blood vessels close to surface warm air, mucus adds moisture Trachea: trap dust and dirt in mucus then swallowed, blood vessels warm air, mucus adds moisture |
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Vital capacity |
Max amount of air a person is able to inhale after taking deepest inhalation possible |
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Residual volume |
Air remaining in the lung after deepest expiration |
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Tidal volume (lung capacity) |
Amount of air normally inhaled and exhale when we are relaxed |
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alveoli |
Location of external respiration |
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Alveoli structure-function relationship |
1 cell layer thick- diffusion Numerous- huge SA for diffusion Covered in capillaries- maximize diffusion Moist- required for gas diffusion Inner coating of lipoproteins- maintain surface tension Stretch receptors- send message to medulla oblongata when fully extended to exhale |
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Inhalation |
Diaphragm + intercostal muscles contract Volume of thoracic cavity increases Air pressure in cavity decreases |
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What causes inhalation |
Chemoreceptors monitor CO2 and H+ levels when too high, medulla oblongata sends nerve impulse through phrenic nerve and makes muscles contract |
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Exhalation |
Diaphragm + intercostal muscles relax Volume of cavity decreases Air pressure increases |
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What causes exhalation |
Stretch receptors in alveoli detect full alveoli Send nerve impulse through vagus nerve to medulla oblongata Causes medulla to stop sending nerve impulse through phrenic nerve and the muscles relax |
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External vs internal respiration |
External: diffusion of gases at lungs Internal: diffusion of gases in rest of bodies |
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Breathing is mainly regulated by monitoring what |
Concentration of CO2 and H+ |
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What is CO2 transported as in the blood |
majority- H2CO3 23%- HbCO2, carbamonihemoglobin |
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What is O2 transported as in the blood |
HbO2 - oxyhemoglobin |
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Conditions at external respiration |
Decrease acidity (pH increases) Decrease in temp Decrease in CO2 Increase in O2 This increases affinity of Hb for O2 |
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Conditions at internal respiration |
Increase in acidity (pH decrease) Increase in temp Increase in CO2 decrease in 02 |
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How does exercising effect Hb |
Hb drops off more 02 at tissues and more CO2 is produced, greater H+, more O2 used up and higher temp. Causes Hb to lose affinity for O2. This causes it to drop of more oxygen |
