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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the leading cause of lower resp. inf.
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step pneumo
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what does strep pneumo cause
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pneumonia
menegitis otitis media |
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what type of hemolysis does strep pneumo cause
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alpha hemolysis
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Viridans strep can cause what when spread to the blood stream
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endocraditis
prosthetic join infection abscesses, brain, liver, lung, abdomin |
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what is the morphology of strep pneumo
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lancet shaped gram pos diplococci
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what are teh virulence factors of strep pneumo
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cellular antigens
-peptidoglycan -teichoic acid -lipteichoic acid Major virulence factor is antiphagocytic CAPSULE 83 different types pneumolysin IgA protease |
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what is the vaccine target for strep pneumo
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the caspsule
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what is pneumolysin
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oxygen-labile hemolysin that kills phagocytes produced by s. pneumo
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what is the transmission of s. pneumo
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human to human
in lungs goes to ear aspiration |
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what makes one vulnerable to encapsulated bacteria
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asplenia
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what is the most common cause of otis media and adult menigitis
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s. pneumo
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rusty sputum is indicative of what
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s. pneumo
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what are some complication of pneumonia
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plural effusion(empyema pus)
bacteremia with menignitis endocarditis pericarditis specit arthritis tissue infection |
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what is the two most common causes of URTI, pneumonia, menigitis
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s. pneumo
Haemophilus influenzae |
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how is s. pneumo diagnosed
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sputum, blood, CSF
gram stain antgen detection kits fro urine culture on blood agar shows alpha hemolysis mucoid colonies capsule serotyping |
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how is s. pneumo treated
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penicillins
some are resistant then treat with vancomycin |
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how is the s. pneumo vaccine made
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purified capsule from 23 most common strains -pnoumovax
prevnar is a conjugate vaccine that is used in infants to 5 yrs. |
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what class is haemophilus
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gram neg coocobacilii
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why is haemophilus uncommon now
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conjugate vaccine has wiped it out almost completley
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where is h. haemophilus
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normal flora
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what is another bacteria other than strep pneumo that is a twin of haemophilus in that it causes URI , otitis media and meningitis in children
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moraxella catarrhalis
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what makes h. influenczae difficult to diagnose
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doesnt grow in regular blood agar
much use special media xfactor hemin and vfactor choclate agar requires increased CO2 |
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what are the virulence factors of H. influenczae
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no O antigen
has fimbraie CAPSULE major virulence factor exo-enxymes -IgA protease -beta lactamase |
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what serotype of H. influenczae is most virulent
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type B
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how is H. influenzae transmitted
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normal flora human to human transmission
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why is the window of susceptabilty to H. influenzae 6mo. to 2 yrs
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transplacent antibody at first and then takes about 2 yrs to develope own antibodies
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what does H. influenzae cause
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URT
otitis media sinusitis conjuncivitis chronic bronchitis |
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what type of h. influenzae did the vaccine make uncommon
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type b
that caused pnemnia cellulitis epiglotitis septicemia |
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how is H. influenzae diagnosised
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gram stains-gram neg baccilicoccis
culture -with special agar |
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hwo is H. influenzae treated
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use 3rd gen cephalosporins
bc of the beta lacrimase |
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what class are mycoplasms
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small prokaryotes with no cell wall
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what is the hard part in diagnosing mycoplasm
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takes a long time to culture and need speacial augars and requrie sterols
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what is indicitave of mycolplasms
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fried egg colonies small
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what is an atypical pneumonia
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any pnemonia that does not grow on normal agar
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what are the virulence factors of mycoplasms
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cards toxins-cause vacules
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what age group is mycoplams most common in
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school age to adult
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clincical manifestation of mycoplasm
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pharyngitis that spreads to treacheobronchitis
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what does the xray look like in mycoplasm pneumonia
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patchy infiltrate
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how is mycoplams diagnosided
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throat swab has neg routine culture
PCR is best fastest |
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what is the treatment of mycoplasm
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erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
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what is the diferential for pharyngitis
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strep pyogenes
mycoplamsm pneumonia bordetella pertussis netseria gonorrheae |
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what class are bordetella
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small gram neg coccobacili
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why is boretella hard to diagnose
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requires special media for initial growth and grow slowly
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why bordetella rare now
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whooping cough is now vaccinated
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what causes whooping couph
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b. pertussis
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what are teh virulence factors of b. pertussis
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endotoxin
fimbrial hemagglutinin -essential for colonization and addherence to epithelias surface pertussis toxin-most important toxin tracheal cytotoxin adenylate cyclase toxin-also inhibts monocyts and neutrophil by incresing cAMP |
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what does pertussis toxin do
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inhibits moncyte and neutrophil activation and killing by increaseing cAMP
causes lymphocytosis* diagnostic |
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how is whooping cough transmitted
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human to human via droplets
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what are the two stages of whooping cough(b. pertussis)
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cartarrhal stage- 7-10 day incubation period with mild symptoms of uncomplicated URTi, highly infectious
paroxysmal stage- repeated cough without breathing within inspiratinoal whooping when breath is taken can lead to anoxia in infants |
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what is the clinical presentation
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whooping cough
no gram staining PCR rapid is best culture can be done with special media but takes a long time |
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what is the treatment of b. pertussis
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TMP-SMX(erythromycin
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what is in the DTP
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diphtheria
tetanu aP-acellular pertussis vaccine is effective till teen years need to take Tdap to boost as an adult. |
