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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. what is a simple asphixiant?
2. what is the pharmacologic activity of simple asphixiants? 3. what concentration of asphixiants are required to produce asphixia? 4. MOA of asphyxiants? |
-displace O2 from ambient air
-simple asphixiants have no pharmacologic activity -high concentrations required to produce asphyxia -displace O2 from ambient air reducing FiO2<21% resultig in fall of PPO2 |
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Clinical findings of low FiO2?
1. 16-12%? 2. 14-10%? 3. 10-6%? 4. <6%? |
16-12%->tachypnea, hypernea, euphoria, HA, mild incoordination
14-10%->altered judgement, incoordination, muscular fatique, cyanosis 10-6%->nauseau, vomiting, lethargy, air hunger, coma, severe incoordination <6 ->death |
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when does dyspnea develop with simple asphixiants?
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dyspnea develops more rapidly from hypercapnia than hypoxemia
-victims may succumb to hypoxemia w/o development of expected warning signs |
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when is heliox used?
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pts with increased airway resistance ie. asthma
-He has lower density than Nitrogen in air -He has lower viscosity=decrease flow of resistance |
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CO2 poisoning
dry ice |
simple asphyxiant, instantaneous death
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pulmonary irritants:
highly water soluble- poorly water soluble- |
highly water soluble-get into airways and dissolve quicky
**rapidly produce clinical effects poorly water soluble-insidious, not acutely irritanting but over prolonges time can cause clinical effects |
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ammonia- windex
solubility? side effects? |
-high solubility
-forms base NH4OH and heat when dissolved in H20 -causes: tracheobronchial pulm. irritation -chronic exposure can lead to reactive airway dz COPD |
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Chloramines
solubility? produced by? |
high solubility
mixing ammonia with bleach |
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Chlorine:
solubliity? tx? |
-intermediate solubiltiy
-breaks down HCl and oxygen readical=damage pulmonary tissue -tx:nebulized 2% sodium bicarb |
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nerve gas:
sarin- SLUDGE DUMBELS |
highly volatile, inhalation/absorption through skin, vapor contents will penetrate through skin
SLUDGE-salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, GI upset and emesis DUMBBELS-diarrhea, urination, miosis, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, emesis, lacrimation, and salivation |
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sarin
MOA |
-motor nerve stimulation by Ach
-Acetylcholinesterase is inhibited -abundanceof Ach at synapse |
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antidote for sarin gas
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atropine-prevents sarin binding to receptor
pralidoxime Cl-binds to inhibited acetylcholinesterase |
