Respiratory Terms (Dscc)

Front 1

bronchoscopy

Back 1

exam of larynx, trachea, & bronchi w/ endoscope

Front 2

cilia

Back 2

short hairs that propel mucous & foreign substances away from lung toward larynx

Front 3

crackles

Back 3

soft, high-pitched, discontinuous popping sounds during inspiration caused by delayed reopening of airways

Front 4

diffusion

Back 4

exchange of gas molecules from areas of higher to lower concentration

Front 5

dyspnea

Back 5

labored breathing (SOB)

Front 6

hemoptysis

Back 6

expectoration of blood from resp tract

Front 7

hypoxemia

Back 7

decreased arterial oxygen tension in blood

Front 8

hypoxia

Back 8

decreased oxygen supply in tissues & cells

Front 9

orthopnea

Back 9

inability to easily breath unless sitting upright

Front 10

physiologic dead space

Back 10

portion of treacheobronchial tree that doesn't participate in gas exchange

Front 11

pulmonary perfusion

Back 11

blood flow thru pulmonary vasculature

Front 12

respiration

Back 12

gas exchange between astmospheric air & blood; & between blood & body cells

Front 13

ventilation

Back 13

movement of air in & out of lungs

Front 14

wheezes

Back 14

continuous musical sounds associated w/ airway narrowings or partial obstruction

Front 15

alaryngeal communication

Back 15

alternative modes of speaking that don't involve normal larynx; used when larynx is removed

Front 16

aphonia

Back 16

impaired ability to use one's voice due to disease or injury to larynx

Front 17

apnea

Back 17

cessation of breathing

Front 18

dysphagia

Back 18

difficulty swallowing

Front 19

epistaxis

Back 19

nosebleed

Front 20

herpes simplex

Back 20

cold sore

Front 21

layrngitis

Back 21

inflammation of the larynx

Front 22

laryngectomy

Back 22

surgical removal of all or part of the larynx

Front 23

nuchal rigidity

Back 23

stiffness of neck

Front 24

pharyngitis

Back 24

inflammation of the throat

Front 25

rhinitis

Back 25

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose

Front 26

rhinorrhea

Back 26

drainage of large amounts of fluid from the nose (runny nose)

Front 27

sinusitis

Back 27

inflammation of the sinuses

Front 28

submucosal resection

Back 28

surgical correction of nasal obstruction due to deviated septum (septoplasty)

Front 29

tonsilitis

Back 29

inflammation of the tonsils

Front 30

xerostomia

Back 30

dryness of the mouth

Front 31

acute lung injury (ALI)

Back 31

term for hypoxemic, resp failure

Front 32

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Back 32

nonspecific pulmonary response to a variety of pulmonary & nonpulmonary insults to the lung

Front 33

asbestosis

Back 33

diffuse lung fibrosis resulting from exposure to asbestos fibers

Front 34

atelecasis

Back 34

collapse of alveoli

Front 35

central cyanosis

Back 35

bluish discoloration of skin or mucous membranes due to hemoglobin carrying reduced amount of oxygen

Front 36

consolidation

Back 36

lung tissue that's more solid in nature due to collapse of alveoli or infectious process (pneumonia)

Front 37

cor pulmonale

Back 37

right sided heart failure

Front 38

empyema

Back 38

accumulation of fluid in pleural space

Front 39

fine-needle aspiration

Back 39

insertion of a needle thru chest wall to obtain cells of a mass or tumor

Front 40

hemothorax

Back 40

partial or complete collapse of lung due to blood accumulation in pleural space

Front 41

induration

Back 41

abnormally hard lesion or reaction, as in a positive TB skin test

Front 42

nosocomial

Back 42

hospital acquired

Front 43

open lung biopsy

Back 43

biopsy of lung tissue performed thru a limited thoracotomy incision

Front 44

pleural effusion

Back 44

abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural space

Front 45

pleural friction rub

Back 45

localized grating or creaking sound caused by inflamed parietal and visceral pleurae rubbing together

Front 46

pleural space

Back 46

area between parietal and visceral pleurae

Front 47

pneumothorax

Back 47

partial or complete lung collapse due to positive pressure in pleural space

Front 48

pulmonary edema

Back 48

increased amount of extravascular fluid in the lung

Front 49

pulmonary embolism

Back 49

obstruction of pulmonary vasculature w/ embolus (blood clot, air bubbles, fat droplets)

Front 50

purulent

Back 50

consisting of, containing, or discharging pus

Front 51

restrictive lung disease

Back 51

disease of lung that causes a decrease in lung volume

Front 52

tension pneumothorax

Back 52

pneumothorax characterized by increasing positive pressure in pleural space w/ each breath

Front 53

thoracentesis

Back 53

insertion of needle into pleural space to remove fluid

Front 54

transbronchial

Back 54

thru the bronchial wall

Front 55

ventilation-perfusion ratio

Back 55

ratio between ventilation and perfusion in the lung

Front 56

air trapping

Back 56

incomplete emptying of alveoli during expiration

Front 57

alpha-antitrypsin deficiency

Back 57

genetic disorder resulting from deficiency of alpha1 antitrypsin

Front 58

asthma

Back 58

disease w/ multiple precipitating mechanisms resulting in reversible airflow obstruction

Front 59

bronchiectesis

Back 59

chronic dilation of bronchus or bronchi

Front 60

bronchitis

Back 60

inflammation of bronchus or bronchi

Front 61

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Back 61

disease state characterized by airflow limitation not full reversible

Front 62

emphysema

Back 62

disease of sirways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli

Front 63

metered-dose inhaler

Back 63

pt activated medication canister that provides aerosolized medication pt inhales into lungs

Front 64

polycythemia

Back 64

increased RBC concentration in blood

Front 65

spirometry

Back 65

pulmonary function tests that measure specific lung volumes and rates

Front 66

airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)

Back 66

mode of mechanical ventilation that allows unrestricted, spontaneous breaths thru out the ventilatory cycle

Front 67

assist-control ventilation

Back 67

mode of mechanical ventilation where pt's breathing pattern may trigger the ventilator to deliver a preset tidal volume

Front 68

chest drainage system

Back 68

use of chest tube & closed drainage system to reexpand lung and remove excess fluid, air, or blood

Front 69

chest percussion

Back 69

manually cupping over the chest wall to mobilize secretions by mechanically dislodging viscous or adherent secretions in the lungs

Front 70

chest physiotherapy (CPT)

Back 70

therapy used to remove bronchial secretions, improve ventilation, & increase efficiency of respiratory muscles

Front 71

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Back 71

positive pressure applied thru out respiratory cycle to a spontaneously breathing pt to promote alveolar & airway stability

Front 72

controlled ventilation

Back 72

mode of mechanical ventilation where ventilator completely controls the pt's ventilation according to preset tidal volumes & resp rate

Front 73

endotracheal intubation

Back 73

insertion of a breathing tube thru the nose or mouth into the trachea

Front 74

fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)

Back 74

concentration of oxygen delivered

Front 75

incentive spirometry

Back 75

method of deep breathing that provides visual feedback to help pt inhale deeply & slowly & achieve maximum lung capacity

Front 76

intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)

Back 76

mode of mechanical ventilation that provides a combination of mechanically assisted & spontaneous breaths

Front 77

mechanical ventilator

Back 77

a positive -or negative- pressure breathing device tht supports ventilation and oxygenation

Front 78

positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Back 78

positive pressure maintained by ventilator @ the end of exhalation to increase functional residual capacity & open collapsed alveoli

Front 79

postural drainage

Back 79

positioning pt to allow drainage from all lobes of lung & airways

Front 80

pressure support ventilation (PSV)

Back 80

mode of mechanical ventilation where preset positive pressure is delivered w/ spontaneous breaths to decrease work of breathing

Front 81

proportional assist ventilation (PAV)

Back 81

mode of mechanical ventilation that provides partial ventilatory support in proportion to the pt's inspiratory efforts

Front 82

respiratory weaning

Back 82

process of gradual, systematic withdrawal and/or removal of ventilator, breathing tube, & oxygen

Front 83

synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)

Back 83

mode of mechanical ventilation where the ventilator allows pt to breathe spontaneously while providing a preset # of breaths to ensure adequate ventilation

Front 84

thoracotomy

Back 84

surgical opening into the chest cavity

Front 85

tracheotomy

Back 85

surgical opening into the trachea

Front 86

tracheostomy tube

Back 86

indwelling tube inserted directly into the trachea to assist w/ ventilation

Front 87

vibration

Back 87

type of massage adm by quickly tapping the chest w/ fingertips or alternating the fingers in rhythmic manner, or by using a mechanical device to assist in mobilizing lung secretions