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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Respiratory system structures
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Anatomic: upper, lower, acessory, blood supply
Funcional: conducting airways (anatomic dead space) from nose to terminal bronchioles Gas Exchange Airways: repiratory bronchioles, alveoli & alveolar ducts |
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Upper respiratory tract
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(conducting airways)
Nose Paranasal sinuses Pharynx Larynx Treachea |
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The Lower
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(conducting airways and gas exchange airways)
bronchi Alveoli lungs pleura pleural cavity |
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Acessory Structures
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(contributes to the mechanics of breathing)
Thorax Rib cage Intercostal muscles Diaphragm |
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*Nose*
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passageway for air exchange; filters, humidifies (requires about 250mL a day), and heats inspired air.
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Nasal hair
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traps airborn particles in mucus and cilia propels them into nasopharynx, where they are expelled by coughing or diverted into the GI tract
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Sense of smell
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oldfactory nerve receptors
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*Paranasal Sinuses*
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air-filled cavities in frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones that contribute to mucas production and voice resonance.
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*Pharynx*
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nasopharynx, laryngopharynx (passage for air), and oropharynx (passage for food)
adenoids in the nasopharynx and tonsils in the oropharynx contain lympathic tissue that contribute to immune functions |
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*Larynx*
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vibration of vical cords within the larynx produces the voice; remains open only when air is passing through.
*Epiglottis* closes during swallowing to prevent the passage of food into trachea |
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*Trachea*
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passageway between the upper and lower respiratory tract; divides into the right and left mainstream bronchus
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*Bronchi
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passageway for air from trachea through the right mainsteam bronchus and left mainstrem bronchus (conducting airways) into the lungs. Mainstem bronchi branch into smaller bronchioles that eventually terminate in the aleoli.
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right Bronchi
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is more evenly aligned with the trachea, making it a more common passage for aspirated gastric contents and dislocated endotracheal tubes
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terminal bronchioles
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gas exchange airways: have a semi-permeable membrane and participate in gas exchange
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*Alveoli
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air filled sacs in the lungs; oxygen diffuses from alveoli (gas exchange airways) into the blood across the alveolar-capillary membrane (primary site of gas exchange). Carbon dioxide diffuses across capillary membrane into the alveoli.
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what is the shape of the alveoli and why does it matter?
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spheriacal: provides greater surface area for gas exchange
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alveloar cell Type I
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squamous epithelium cells that participates in gas exchange
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alveloar cell Type II
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manufacture Type II alveolar cells and surfactant, a lipoprotein substance that decreases alveolar surface tension, an essential element in gas exchange
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*Lungs
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function is air exchange; reoxygenate blood and neutralize some vasoactive substances;
-right lung is divided into 3 lobes-upper middle and lower -left lobe is divided into 2 lobes-upper & lower |
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upper area of lung is called
lower is called |
apex
base |
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*Pleura
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2 layer membrane covering the lung and thoracic cavity;
-visceral pleura attaches to the external lung surface; -parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity -pleural fluid lubricates pleural layers and holds them together during inspiration and expiration |
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Rib cage*
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12 Pairs of ribs and the strenum provide skeletal support and protestion for the heart and lungs.
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Intercostal muscles *
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located between the ribs, contraction facilitates chest expansion during inspiration by increasing the anterior -posterior and lateral diameter of the chest
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Diaphragm*
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seperates the thoratic from the abdominal cavity; brain's respiratory center controls contraction of diaphragm via the phrenic nerve flattens during inspiration to allow greater chest expansion during inspiration; an inatc nervous system is essential to proper function of the idiaphragm
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