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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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external respiration
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exchange of air at the lungs - oxygen is inhaled, CO2 is exhaled - occurs between outside environment and the lungs
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internal (cellular) respiration
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exchange of gases at the cellular level
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nares
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nostrils
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nasal cavity
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opening behind nares lined with mucous membrane and cilia to help filter out foreign bodies, and warm and moisten the air
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cilia
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fine hairs in the nasal cavity
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paranasal sinuses
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hollow air-containing spaces within the skull that open to the nasal cavity, produce mucous, lighten skull, and help produce sound
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3 divisions of the pharynx
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*nasopharynx (contains pharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids)
*oropharynx (contains palatine tonsiles) *laryngopharynx (divides into larynx and esophagus) |
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epiglottis
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flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue prevents choking or aspiration of food.
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bronchial tubes, bronchi (bronchus)
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Tubes of delicate epithelium surrounded by cartilage rings and a muscular wall.
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bronchioles
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smaller branches of the bronchi
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terminal bronchiole
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ending branch of bronchi
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alveoli
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air sacs surrounding the ends of the terminal bronchioles, lined with 1-cell thick layer of epithelium, permit exchange of gases into capillary surrounding them
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pleura
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double folded membrane covering each lung
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parietal pleura
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outer layer of the pleura
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visceral pleura
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inner layer of the pleura
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number of lobes in each lung
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right - 3
left - 2 |
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apex
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upper area of lung
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base
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lower area of lung
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hilum
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midline region of lung where blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue and bronchial tubes enter and exit
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diaphragm
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muscular partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities
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inspiration
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inhalation (another term)
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negative pressure
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diaphragm contracts, lungs expand
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positive pressure
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diaphragm relaxes, lungs contract
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adenoid/o
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R. adenoids
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alveol/o
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R. air sac
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bronch/o; bronchi/o
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R. bronchial tube
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bronchiol/o
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R. bronchiole
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capn/o
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R. carbon dioxide
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coni/o
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R. dust
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cyan/o
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R. blue
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epiglott/o
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R. epiglottis
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laryng/o
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R. voice box
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lob/o
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R. lobe of lung
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mediastin/o
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R. mediastinum
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nas/o
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R. nose
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orth/o
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R. straight, upright
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ox/o
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R. oxygen
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pector/o
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R. chest
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pharyng/o
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R. throat
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phon/o
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R. voice
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phren/o
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R. diaphragm
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pleur/o
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R. pleura
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pneum/o; pneumon/o
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R. air. lung
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pulmon/o
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R. lung
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rhin/o
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R. nose
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sinus/o
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R. sinus, cavity
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spir/o
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R. breathing
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tel/o
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R. complete
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thorac/o
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R. chest, not pector/o
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tonsill/o
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R. tonsils
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trache/o
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R. windpipe
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-ema
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S. condition
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-osmia
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S. smell
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-pnea
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S. breathing
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-ptysis
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S. spitting
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-sphyxia
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S. pulse
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-thorax
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S. pleural cavity, chest
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bronchospasm
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tightening of the bronchus, characteristic of asthma and bronchitis
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bronchodilator
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drug causes enlargement of the bronchus opening to improve ventilation to lungs
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bronchopleural fistula
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abnormal connection between the bronchial tube and pleural cavity
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bronchiolitis
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acute viral infection occurring in lungs of infants younger than 18 months of age
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cyanosis
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blueish condition caused by deficient oxygen in the lbood
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laryngospasm
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spasmodic closure of the larynx
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mediastinoscopy
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endoscope is inserted through an incision in the chest to view middle of thoracic cavity
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orthopnea
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abnormal condition in which breathing is easier in the upright position - caused by congestive heart failure
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wedge resection
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removal of a small localized area of diseased tissue near the surface of the lung
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segmental resection
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removal of a bronchiole and its alveoli
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lobectomy
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removal of an entire lobe of the lung
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pneumonectomy
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removal of an entire lung
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dysphonia
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hoarseness or other voice impairment
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phrenic nerve
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motor nerve to the diaphragm
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pleurodynia
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painful inflammation of the intercostal muscles
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pleural effusion
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escape of fluid from blood vessels or lymphatics into pleural cavity
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pneumothorax
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air accumulates in pleural cavity as result of hole in the lung
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
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rhythmic changes in the depth of breathing - rapid then no breathing - result of brain damage or heart failure
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atelectasis
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collapsed lung - incomplete expansion of a lung
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tracheal stenosis
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injusry to the trachea causes scarring and contraction that obstructs the flow of air
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empyema
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collection of pus in the pleural cavity
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sleep apnea
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sudden cessation of breathing during sleep.
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OSA
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obstructive sleep apnea
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CPAP
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continuous positive airway pressure - machine used to keep airways open - treatment for sleep apnea
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paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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sudden shortness of breath at night - associated with congestive heart failure
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hyperpnea
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increase in depth of breathing, caused by exercise or inadequate oxygen supply
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tachypnea
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rapid shallow breathing - hyperventillation
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asphyxia
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severe hypoxia leading to death
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pyothorax
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empyema of the chest
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