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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CODEINE
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ANTITUSSIVE. mild-mod pain (diarrhea)
suppress cough Binds to opiate receptors, decrease GI motility SIDE EFFECTS - hypotension, confusion, constipation, sedation, n/v |
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DEXTROMETHORPHAN
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ANTITUSSIVE. relieve cough caused by virulent resp infection.
most effective with chronic non productive cough. direct effect on cough center in medulla, no analgesic properties SIDE EFFECTS- dizziness, sedation, nausea. |
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GUAIFENSIN (MUCINEX)
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EXPECTORANTS. cough associated with viral upper respiratory tract inf.
mobilization / expectoration of mucus. reduces secreations by increasing resp tract fluid. SIDE EFFECTS - dizziness, headache, nausea, stomach, pain, rashes. |
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SALMETEROL (SEVERENT)
LONG ACTING INHALED BETA-AGONIST |
BRONCHODILATORS. control of reversible airway obstruction due to asthma, prevention of bronchospasm, bronchitis and emphysema.
produces accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) at beta2 adrenergic receptors. SIDE EFFECT- headache, palpitations, muscle cramps, tachycardia. |
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ALBUTEROL (PROVENTIL, VENTOLIN)
SHORT ACTING INHALED BETA AGONTIST |
BRONCHODILATORS. control/prevent airway obstruction with asthma/COPD.
inhaled - quick relief PO - long term control binds to beta 2adrenergic, activation of adenyl cyclase and increased levels of cyclic3, cAMP. increases in cAMP activate kinases, which inhibit the phosphorylation of myosin and decrease intracellular Ca. decreased intracellular Ca relaxes smooth muscle airways. SIDE EFFECT- chest pain, palpatations, nervousness, n/v, restlessness, tremor, PARADOXICAL BRONCHOSPASM. |
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THEOPHYLLINE (THEO-24)
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METHYLXANTHINES. long term control of reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma/COPD.
bronchodilation. inhibit phosphodiesterase, producing increased tissue concentrations of cAMP. increased levels of cAMP result in: bronchodilation, CNS stimulation, +inotropic and chronotropic effects, diuresis, gastric acid secretion. SIDE EFFECTS - seizures, anxiety, tachycardia, n/v, arrhythmias. |
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IPRATROPIUM (ATROVENT)
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ANTICHOLINERGIC.
inhaled - maintenance of airway obstruction due to COPD, including bronchitis and emphysema. intranasal - rhinorrhea associated with allergic / nonallergic perennial rhinitis or common cold inhibits cholinergic receptors in bronchial sm. muscle, resulting in decreased concentrations of cAMP. decreased levels of cAMP produce local bronchodilation. SIDE EFFECTS - dizziness, headache, nausea. |
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TIOTROPIUM (SPIRIVA)
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ANTICHOLINERGIC. longterm maintenance treatment of bronchospasm due to COPD.
inhibits M3 receptor in smooth muscle of airways. SIDE EFFECT - dry mouth, glaucoma, HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS INCLUDING ANGIOEDEMA. |
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MONTELUKAST (SINGULAIR)
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LEUKOTRIENE ANTAGONIST.
prevention/treatment of asthma. seasonal allergic rhinitis, decrease attacks of exercise induced bronchoconstriction. Antagonizes effects of leukotrienes, mediating airway edema, sm. muscle constriction, altered cell activity. SIDE EFFECTS - suicidal thoughts, abd pain, nosebleeds, rash. |
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FLUMIST
INFLUENZA VACCINE |
immunization for prevention of inf. A and B.
Active immunization with live virus produces antibodies aganst influenza. SIDE EFFECTS - headache, fever, rhinitis. |
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CELOMETHASONE (QVAR)
INHALED |
GLUCCOCORTICOIDS.
maintenance / treatment asthma, as prophylactic therapy. locally acting anti inflammatory and immune modifier. SIDE EFFECT - headache, bronchospasm, wheezing, back pain. |
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FLUTICASONE (FLOVENT)
INHALED |
GLUCOCORTICOIDS.
maintenance / proph treatment of asthma. locally acting anti inflammatory and immune modifier. SIDE EFFECT - headache, dizziness, diarrhea, muscle pain, CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME. |
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PREDNISONE
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used in inflammatory, allergic, hematologic, neoplastic, autoimmune disorders.
alternate - day dosing for chronic. also - hypercalcemia, n/v from chemo. suppressess inflammation and normal immune response. suppresses adrenal function at chronic doses 5mg/day. replaces endogenous cortisol deficiency states, minimal mineralocorticoid activity. SIDE EFFECTS - hypertension, depression, euphoria, weight gain, thromboembolism, acne, muscle wasting, osteoporosis. |
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CROMOLYN
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MAST CELL STABILIZER.
suppress inflammation. stabilize cytoplasmic membrane of mast cell, preventing release of histamine, inhibit eosinophils, macrophages. chronic asthma. fixed schedule. prior to onset of attack. with chronic effects may take weeks. for actue, use immediately prior to allergen exposure. use of power driven nebulizer. SIDE EFFECTS - safest. cough, bronchospasm. |
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DECONGESTANTS
SYMPATHOMIMETICS USED FOR NASAL DECONGESTION |
activates alpha-adrenergic receptors on nasal vessels causing vasoconstriction.....
SIDE EFFECTS - rebound congestion, use no more than 5days...pt must use larger/more frequent dose. discontinue one nostril at time. or use glucocorticoid for 2-6wks before discontinuing. SIDE EFFECTS - restlessness, irritability, anxiety, insomnia. widespread vasoconstriction, hemmorrhagic stroke. ASSOCIATED WITH ABUSE. purchase no more than 9mg a month or 3.6/day. |
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PHENYLEPHRINE
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DECONGESTANT.
fast / effective (topical) first pass (oral) SE - adverse cardio effects for drops: admin in lateral, head low position, preffered route for young pts for better control. |
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PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
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DECONGESTANT.
CNS stimulation is much lower. better absorbed with longer half life, more effective. PO only. |
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FLUOROQUINOLONES
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broad spectrum antibiotics. disrupts DNA replication and cell division. all can cause tendon rupture most likely of achilles tendon.
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LEVOFLOXACIN (LEVAQUIN)
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FLUOROQUINOLONES.
active against strep pneumonia. h influenza, s. aureus, e. faecalis, strep pyogenes. UTIS, bacterial prostatitis, anthrax, skin inf, resp tract inf, sinusitis, bronchitis, CAP. SE - peripheral neuropathy, rhabdomyolysis, tendon rupture, photo toxicity. absorption reduced by mg / aluminum antacids, zinc, iron, salts, milk |
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MOXIFLOXACIN (AVELOX)
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FLUOROQUINOLONES.
resp tract infection, intra abd infection, skin. well absorbed from GI. SE - n/v, diarrhea, stomach pain, dizziness, altered sense of taste. tendon r., photo toxicity, dysrhythmias DO NOT take with hypokalemia absorption reduced by mg / aluminum antacids, zinc, iron, salts, milk |
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MACROLIDES
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broad spectrum antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
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AZITHROMYCIN (ZITHROMAX, ZMAX)
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MACROLIDE.
resp tract inf, cholera, skin. abs increased by food, dosing done with meals, eliminated in bile. SE - diarrhea, nausea, abd pain. can be reduced by mg/al antacids, zinc, iron, salts, milk products. extended release, designed to dissolve in sm intestine to reduce GI upset. complete 7day course. |
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CEPHALOSPORIN
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beta lactam antibiotics, bactericidal, broad spectrum, toxicity low.
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CEFTRIAXONE (3rd generation )
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CEPHALOSPORIN.
binds to penicillin binding proteins, disrupts cell wall, synthesis, activate autolysins. death by lysis. 3rd generation broad, increased resistance to beta lactamase. more active against gram negative aerobes. penetrate CSF. meningitis, nosocomial infections, influenza, proteus. SE - allergic reactions, maculopapular rash, treat with resp support and epinephrine for anayphylaxis (rare). do not give to those with penicillin reactions. not to be used routinely. |
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ISONIAZID
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ANTI-TB FIRST LINE.
TB. bactericidal to those that are actively dividing but bacteriostatic to resting organisms. inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid (cell wall). treat active / latent TB. laten - take alone active - taken with rifampin inactivated in liver by acetylate. excreted in urine. SE - peripheral neuropathy (tingling, numbness, burning, pain in hands and feet) clumsiness, unsteadiness, muscle ache. reversed with pyridoxine. hepatotoxicity. optic neuritis, seizures, dizziness, ataxia, psych disturbances, GI distress, dry mouth, urinary retention. interacts with phenytoin, alcohol, rifampin, pyrazinamide. PO, IM |
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ETHAMBUTOL
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ANTI-TB.
multi drug therapy. bacteriostatic. against TB resistant to isoniazid/rifampin. SE - optic neuritis, blurred vision, distubance of color, GI upset, confusion, inhibits renal excretion of uric acid asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute gouty arthritis. take with food if GI upset. |
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RIFAMPIN
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ANTI-TB
drug of choice. bacterialcidal to TB. suppresses RNA synthesis, protein sythesis. well absorbed, take on empty stomach. distributed widely and in CSF. lipid soluble, ready access to intracellular bacteria. hepatic metabolization. half life decreased from 4-2 hrs in 2 weeks because rifampin induces metabolizing enzymes, even those that metabolize itself. SE - hepatotoxicity, risk of jaundice / hepatitis. discoloration of body fluids / RED urine / sweat / saliva / tears. reduces effects of oral contraceptives, warfarin, protease inhibitors, HIV drugs. risk of toxicity with isonizid and pyazinamide. in IV dilute in 500mLO of 5% dextrose, infuse over 3 hrs. |
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DORNASE ALFA (PULMOZYME)
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CYSTIC FIBROSIS. (no cure, reduction in symptoms)
decreases viscosity of sputum. daily can improve pulm function and decrease infection. to remain effective must administer everyday for life. very expensive! breaks down extracellular DNA that has accumulated in the lungs secondary to death of neutrophils. SE - hoarseness, pharyngitis, laryngitis, rash, chest px, conjunctivitis. inhaled using nebulizer. |
