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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiration Process
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1. Pulmonary ventilation-the movement of air b/t the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs.
2.Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in b/t alveoli and pulmonary capiillaries. 3. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood to and from tissues. 4. Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide b/t the capillaries and the cells of body tissues. |
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Retractions
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The use of accessory muscles for respiration.
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Pleura Parts
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The parietal pleura lines the thorax and surface of the diaphragm.
The visceral pleura covers the external surface of the lungs. |
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Pleura Parts
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The parietal pleura lines the thorax and surface of the diaphragm.
The visceral pleura covers the external surface of the lungs. |
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Hypercarbia or Hypercapnia
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A bulid up of carbon dioxide in the body
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Hypoxemia
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Reduced oxygen in the blood. Can result from problems with delivery of oxygen to the tissues
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Manifestions of Hypoxia
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Rapid pulse
Rapid shallow respirations and dyspnea. Increased restlessness or lightheadness. Flaring of the nares substernal or intercostal retractions Cyanosis |
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Respiratory regulation
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Controlled by nerves and concentration of certain gases in the blood. The brain regulates respirations to maintain correct concentrations of gases.
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COPD Oxygen Supplimentation
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Low flow oxygen b/c Low flow maintains a slightly hypoxemic state thus maintaining the respiratory drive.
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Eupnea
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Normal respiration-quiet, rhythmic, and effortless.
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Bradypnea
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May be seen in clients who have taken narcotics, who have metabolic alkalosis or who have increased intracraial pressure.
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Cheyne-Stokes
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increase and decrease in rate and depth of respirations followed by periods of apnea.
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Tachypnea
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Seen with fevers, metabolic acidosis, pain, hypercapnia, respiratory distresss or hypoxemia.
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Kussmaul Respiration
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Type of hyperventilation that accompanies metabolic acidosis . The body attempts to rid itself of excess body acids by blowing off the carbon dioxide through deep and rapid breathing.
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Ventilation
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Movement of air in and out of the lungs
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Respiration
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Gas exchange
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External respiration
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Exchange of gas from the environment and the capillaries.
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Internal respiration
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Exchange of gas b/t the blood and the cells
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Upper airway obstruction
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Nose, pharynx or larynx
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Lower airway obstruction
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blockage of the passageways in the bronchi and lungs.
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Chemoreceptors
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Monitor Carbon dioxide and ph levels in the blood. Located in the pons and the medulla oblongata
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Intercostal retractions
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The drawing of the skin and the muscle against the ribs.
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Stridor
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Harsh high pitched sound heard during deep inspirations
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adventitious breath sounds
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Abnormal
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SaO2
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Below 70 is life threatening. Normal is 95-100. Results measure the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin.
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Sputum
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The mucus secreted by the lungs bronchi and trachea.
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Pulmonary Function Tests
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Measure lung volume and capacity. Normal is 6,000ml and vital capacity is 4,800ml.
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Collecting a Sputum Specimen
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Offer mouth care so that the specimen will not be contaminated with microorganisms from the mouth.
Breath deep and cough 15-30 ml of sputum. Offer mouthwash. Document color odor, thick etc.. |
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Kidneys
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Controls bicarbonate.
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Resp. Acidosis
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CO2 up
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Resp. Alka
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CO2 down
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atelectasis
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Collapse of the air sacs
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Risk of increased intercranial pressure.
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Avoid coughing because it increases pressure within the cranial space.
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Hemothorax
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Accumulation of blood in the pleural space that causes partial or complete collaspe of the lung
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