Respiratory System/ Digestive System

Front 1

Components of the respiratory system include?

Back 1

The nose,pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs with their alveoli, diaphragm, and muscles surrounding the ribs

Front 2

Respiration is controlled by the?

Back 2

The respiratory control center in the medulla of the brain

Front 3

The respiratory system supplies?

Back 3

oxygen to the body and eliminates carbon dioxide

Front 4

External respiration refers to the exchange of?

Back 4

Gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli

Front 5

Internal respiration refers to the exchange of gases between?

Back 5

The blood and the body cells

Front 6

The passageways between the nasal cavities and ?

Back 6

The alveoli conduct gases to and from the lungs

Front 7

The upper passageways also serve to?

Back 7

Warm, filter, and moisten incoming air

Front 8

These upper respiratory tubules are lined with cila that help to?

Back 8

Trap debris and keep foreign subtances from entering the lungs

Front 9

Inhalation requires the contraction of the diaphragm to enlarge the?

Back 9

The thoracic cavity and drawing air into the lungs.

Front 10

Exhalation is a passive process during which the lungs recoil as the?

Back 10

Respiratory muscles relax and the thorax decreases in size

Front 11

Most of the oxygen carried in the blood is bound to?

Back 11

Hemoglobin in the red blood cells

Front 12

Oxygen is released from hemoglobin as the concentration of?

Back 12

Oxygen drops in the tissues

Front 13

Some carbon dioxide is carried in solution or bound to ?

Back 13

Blood proteins, but most is converted to bicarbonate ion by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells

Front 14

Bicarbonate ion by carbonic anhydrase this reaction also releases?

Back 14

Hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide is a regulator of blood pH

Front 15

The alimentary canal or digestive tube consists of?

Back 15

The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small, intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Front 16

The accessory organs of digestion include the?

Back 16

Liver, pancreas, gallbladder

Front 17

Mastication

Back 17

Chewing

Front 18

Food is ingested into the mouth where it is mechanically broken down by?

Back 18

Teeth and tongue in the process of mastication

Front 19

Saliva is produced by the?

Back 19

Three pairs of salivary glands, lubricates and dilutes the chewed food

Front 20

Saliva contains an enzyme called?

Back 20

Amylase that starts the digestion of complex carbohydrates

Front 21

A ball of food called a?

Back 21

Bolus is formed

Front 22

Constructive muscles of the pharynx force food into the?

Back 22

Upper portion of the esophagus, and the food is swallowed

Front 23

The esophagus is a narrow tube leading from the?

Back 23

Pharynx to the stomach

Front 24

The digestive tract has four main layers?

Back 24

The mucous membrane, the submucous layer, the muscular layer, and serous layer

Front 25

Food enters the stomach where gastric glands secrete?

Back 25

Hydrochloric acid that breaks down foods.

Front 26

The stomach muscle churns and mixes the bolus of food turning?

Back 26

The mass into a a soupy subtance called chyme

Front 27

The stomach also stores food and regulates the movement of?

Back 27

Food into the small intestine

Front 28

Digestion and absorption of food occurs in the?

Back 28

Small intestine

Front 29

Digestion and absorption of food occurs in the small intestine. Here, food is acted on by various?

Back 29

Enzymes from the small intestine and pancreas and by bile from the liver

Front 30

The pancreas also contributes water to dilute the chyme and bicarbonate ions to?

Back 30

Neutralize the acid from the stomach

Front 31

The small intestine consists of three majors regions which are?

Back 31

The duodenum, jejunum,and ileum

Front 32

Nutrients are absorbed through the?

Back 32

Walls of the small intestine

Front 33

The amino acids and simple sugars derived from proteins and carbohydrates are?

Back 33

Absorbed directly into the blood

Front 34

Most of the fats are absorbed into the lymph by the?

Back 34

Lacteals which eventually are added to the bloodstream

Front 35

All nutrients then enter the hepatic portal vein to be routed to?

Back 35

The liver for decontamination

Front 36

Small fingerlike projections called ?

Back 36

Villi greatly increase the surface area of the intestinal wall

Front 37

The large intestine reabsorbs water and?

Back 37

Stores and eliminates undigested food

Front 38

The large intestine also has?

Back 38

Abundant bacteria called intestinal flora

Front 39

The large intestine is arranged into five portions?

Back 39

The ascending colon, Transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and the rectum

Front 40

The opening for defecation is?

Back 40

The anus

Front 41

During mastication the teeth reduce ingested food material to?

Back 41

Smaller particles to increase surface area for chemical digestion

Front 42

The muscular movements of the stomach and intestines also result in?

Back 42

Mechanical breakdown of food thus increasing surface area for digestion