Respiratory System Chapter 25

Front 1

Respiration

Back 1

The movement of O2 and CO2 into and out of the body all the way down to the tissues

Front 2

Pulmonary Ventilation

Back 2

Breathing in and out; movement of air into and out of the lungs

Front 3

External Respiration

Back 3

Exchange between the air and blood; O2 loading: CO2 unloading

Front 4

Internal respiration

Back 4

Between the blood and tissues(O2 unloading: CO2 loading)

Front 5

Cellular Respiration

Back 5

When O2 is actually used by the cells the make ATP via Aerobic Respiration

Front 6

External nose

Back 6

Bone and cartilage

Front 7

Internal nose

Back 7

Large cavity in the anterior skull, contains conchae and meatuses to direct flow of air and trap moisture

Front 8

Nasopharynx

Back 8

Extends from the internal nares to the soft palate. Contains pharyngeal tonsils and eustachian tube

Front 9

Oropharynx

Back 9

Extends from soft palate don't be hyoid bone. Palatine and lingual tonsils, open to oral cavity

Front 10

Laryngopharynx

Back 10

Extends from hyoid bone to esophagus, opens into larynx

Front 11

Epiglottis

Back 11

Closes off the larynx so that food cannot get through upon swallowing

Front 12

Thyroid cartilage

Back 12

Adams apple, that forms the bulk of the larynx

Front 13

Cricoid cartilage

Back 13

Form the inferior wall of the larynx

Front 14

Ventricular folds

Back 14

False vocal cords, prevents air from being forced out of the thoracic cavity when holding you breath against pressure

Front 15

Vocal folds

Back 15

True vocal cords, contains vocal ligament and vocalis muscles, involved in voice production

Front 16

Submucosal layer

Back 16

Innermost layer contains ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium. Cilia beat to move mucous and dust out of throat

Front 17

Middle layer

Back 17

Contains C shaped cartilaginous rings. Used for structure support so that the trachea does not collapse during inhalation . Contains smooth muscles between rings

Front 18

Right primary bronchus

Back 18

More vertical, shorter and wider than left, aspired objects can enter and get lodged here

Front 19

Left primary bronchus

Back 19

Angled longer and thinner due to heart pushing on it

Front 20

Lobule

Back 20

Compartmentalized area lung surround by connective tissue

Front 21

Bronchopulmomary segment

Back 21

The tertiary bronchus and the lobule that supplies it

Front 22

Conducting zone

Back 22

Where air is flowing, trachea down to the terminal bronchioles

Front 23

Respiratory zone

Back 23

Where gas exchange occurs, respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

Front 24

Primary, secondary, and tertiary

Back 24

Ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium

Front 25

Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

Back 25

Simple squamous epithelium

Front 26

Pleural cavity

Back 26

Decreases friction, creates a pressure gradient, provides compartmentalization

Front 27

Inspiration

Back 27

Gases flowing into the lungs

Front 28

Expiration

Back 28

Gases flowing out of lungs

Front 29

Diaphragm

Back 29

Dome shaped at rest, flat when contracted, pulls on the pleura

Front 30

External intercostals

Back 30

Between the ribs, elevate and extend rib pairs 2 - 12 moving the ribcage up and out

Front 31

Inhalation

Back 31

Diaphragm moves down, external intercostals move ribs out, increases volume of lungs and decreases pressure

Front 32

Forced Expiration

Back 32

Labored breathing or breathing out past normal expiration

Front 33

Expiration

Back 33

Diaphragm and external intercostals relax, ribcage gets smaller, Lung volumes decrease, increases pressure in lungs

Front 34

Bronchiole radius/ diameter

Back 34

Primary control over resistance to airflow

Front 35

Bronchoconstriction

Back 35

Increases resistance, decrease airflow. Triggered by air borne irritants, cold air, parasympathetic stimulation, histamine

Front 36

Bronchodilation

Back 36

Decreases resistance, increased airflow, sympathetic nervous system, epinephrine

Front 37

Rhymicity center

Back 37

Controls the basic rhythm of breathing, 2sec inhalation, 3 sec exhalation

Front 38

Inspiratory neurons

Back 38

Sends Action Potentials for 2 seconds to the muscles of inspiration

Front 39

Expiratory neurons

Back 39

Activated during Forced expiration to send Action Potentials to the muscles involved there

Front 40

Pneumotaxic area

Back 40

Regulate the inspiratory neurons by shutting them off so that the lungs do not get too full

Front 41

Apneustic area

Back 41

Active the inspiratory neurons for long deep inspiration

Front 42

Asthma

Back 42

Allergen triggers histamine release, histamine causes intense bronchoconstriction

Front 43

Chronic bronchitis

Back 43

Cilia immobilized and decreases in number, excess mucous is produced. Chronic infection and bronchial inflammation develops

Front 44

Emphysema

Back 44

Alveolar walls break down. Decreases SA for gas exchange, lungs fibrotic and less elastic, air passages collapse and decrease air flow

Front 45

Metastasis

Back 45

Spread to other organs rapidly