Respiratory System Anat

Front 1

functions of the respiratory system

Back 1

1. exchange of gas between the atmosphere and blood

2. filtration, temp. regulation and humidification of inspired air

3. olfaction

4. production of sound

Front 2

components of respiratory system

top to bottom

Back 2

1. nasal caity

2. nose

3. pharynx

4. larynx

5. trachea

6. lungs

7. smaller airways

8. diaphragm

Front 3

larynx

Back 3

1. is the most narrow portion of the airway

2. most likely area for upper airway to be blocked

Front 4

Back 4

upper vs lower

Front 5

conducting portion

Back 5

conducts air to smaller and smaller airways,delivering to places that actually does respiration

Front 6

actual respiratory portion are the

Back 6

lobules

Front 7

upper respiratory system

right to left

Back 7

1. external nares

2. nasal vestibule

3. conchae

4. internal nares

5. nasopharynx

6. eustachian tube

7. oropharynx

8. epiglottis

9l laryngopharynx

Front 8

conchae

Back 8

three middle ridges of bone that projects into nasal cavity, disallows the amount of area that can be reached by our fingers

Front 9

turbedents

Back 9

when conchae are covered by mucus

Front 10

internal nares divides

Back 10

nasal cavity from the pharynx

Front 11

nasopharynx and the eustachian tube

Back 11

nasopharynx has an opening, the eustachian tube, which connects it to the middle ear

Front 12

epiglottis

Back 12

can move epiglottis so that it can cover when you just want air or if when you are eating food

Front 13

turbinates

Back 13

turbinates covered in mucosal membrane so turbinate swirls when you inhale, maximizees contact of air to the turbinates and humidifies the air

Front 14

blood passing the mucosa membrane...

Back 14

warms the air

Front 15

bolus

Back 15

chewed food

Front 16

Back 16

roots of the lung aka hilum

where bronchi enters the lungs

Front 17

hilum

Back 17

sites where blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and airways enter and leave lungs

Front 18

Back 18

pleural cavity

space between visceral and parietal pleura

Front 19

major airways

top to bottom

Back 19

1. trachea

2. primary bronchi

3. secondary and tertiary bronchi

4. bronchioles

5. terminal bronchioles

Front 20

right side ten tertiary bronchi...

Back 20

thus ten segments

Front 21

left side w/ ten segments but...

Back 21

two pairs become fused together leading to 8 segments

Front 22

trachea superior

top to bottom

Back 22

1. esophagus

2. smooth muscle

3. trachea

4. cartilage ring

Front 23

trachea

Back 23

1. larynx

2. cartilage rings

3. primary bronchi

Front 24

cartilage ring

Back 24

helps maintain shape of trachea to let air in when exhaling, it is not complete b/c when bolus is swallowed, it expands

Front 25

airways

top to bottom

Back 25

1. primary bronchus

2. secondary bronchus

3. smaller bronchi

4. smooth muscle

5. bronchioles

6. alveoli

Front 26

alveoli

Back 26

where bulk of respiration actually occurs

Front 27

bronchioles and cartilage

Back 27

bronchioles don't have cartilage, instead there is smooth muscle to regulate diameter

Front 28

bronchi and cartilage

Back 28

they have some cartilage but aren't completely covered, more so for structural support but not for strength

Front 29

terminal airways

Back 29

1. terminal bronchiole

2. respiratory bronchioles

3. alveolar ducts

4. alveolar sac

Front 30

alveolar sacs

Back 30

where respiration occur

Front 31

alveoli

Back 31

1. alveoli

2. alveolar sac

Front 32

types of airways

Back 32

1. conducting portion

2. respiration portion

Front 33

conducting

Back 33

only conduct air

Front 34

respiratory

Back 34

both conduct and respire

Front 35

structure of Airway Wall

Back 35

1. cartilage

2. smooth muscle

3. elastic fibers

Front 36

cartilage

Back 36

1. found in larger airways

2. helps keep airways open

Front 37

smooth muscle

Back 37

1. predominates in smaller airways

2. controls diameter of airway

3. constriction reduces airflow

Front 38

elastic fibers

Back 38

1. predominate in smaller airways and respiratory portion

2. elastic recoil provides force for expiration

Front 39

Asthma Attack

Back 39

1. smooth muscle in wall of bronchioles contracts

2. contraction reduces airflow

3. bronchioles most numerous airways

4. there is great resistance to airflow

Front 40

contraction caused by

Back 40

1. parasympathetic stimulation

2. mediators of allergic reactions (histamine)

Front 41

Emphysema

Back 41

1. reduced ability to expire air from lungs

2. due to breakdown of alveolar walls, producing abnormally large air spaces

3. this lowers surface area for gas exchange, there is less respiratory efficiency

4. as well as reduced elastic recoil, due to loss of elastic fibers

Front 42

emphysema caused by

Back 42

1. smoking

2. other irritants, pollution, dust

Front 43

respiratory epithelium

Back 43

1. pseudostratified epithelium

2. there is a mucus layer that floats on serous/ watery layer

Front 44

mucus

Back 44

mucus traps garbage that we breath in to the mucus layer, the cilia moves this mucus up towards the upper respiratory to either swallow it or expel to the environment

Front 45

respiratory epithelium found in

Back 45

1. nasal cavity

2. nasopharynx

3. large airways

Front 46

alveolar wall

clockwise

Back 46

1. capillary

2. alveolar epithelial cell

3. endothelial cell of capillary

4. alveolar macrophage

5. elastic fibers

6. surfactant

Front 47

Back 47

1. luminal area

2. first portion of basal lamina

3. capillary portion of basal lamina

4. endothelium

5. airspace

6. the plasma membrane of RBC

Front 48

TYPE 2 Alveolar Cells

Back 48

1. secrete surfactant

2. surfactant lowers surface surface tension of alveolar fluid

3. prevents alveolar walls from sticking together and collapsing

Front 49

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Back 49

1. occurs children born prematurely

2. type 2 alveolar cells not yet active

3. lack surfactant

4. alveoli fail to inflate properly

5. insufficient oxygenation of blood

Front 50

alveolar macrophages

Back 50

1. ingest debris in alveoli

2. enter airways

3. become trapped in mucus sheets

4. carried toward pharynx by ciliary action

5. expectorated or swallowed

Front 51

alveolar capillaries

top to down

Back 51

1. sooth muscle

2. respiratory bronchiole

3. elastic fibers

4. alveolar duct

5. alveolus

6. alveolar sac

7. capillaries

Front 52

muscles of quiet breathing

inspiration

Back 52

1. diaphragm

- contraction flattens diaphragm

- increases vertical diameter of thoracic cavity

2. external intercostals

- left ribs superiorly

- move sternum anteriorly

Front 53

muscles of quiet breathing

expiration

Back 53

elastic recoil of lung tissue and thoracic wall

Front 54

forced breathing

inspiration

Back 54

accessory muscles of respiration

- sternocleidomastoid- elevates sternum

- scalenes- elevate ribs 1 and 2

- pectoralis minor- elevates ribs 3-5

- pectoralis major

Front 55

forced breathing

expiration

Back 55

1. internal intercostals

2. abdominal muscles

- move inferior ribs inferiorly

- compress viscera- move diaphragm superiorly

Front 56

tripod position

Back 56

when breathing hard, upper extremities are fixed to the ground, the pectoral muscles are used to move the test