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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Structure of the Lungs |
When you breath in the air travels down: the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles and then finally to the alveolar air sacs. |
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Continued Structure of the Lungs... • filtering of air etc |
- the air is filtered in the nose by a thick mucous membrane. - the 'epiglottis' covers the larynx to prevent food passing through - mucous and ciliates cells filter air in the trachea |
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Gaseous Exchange |
- The alveoli are responsible for this process between the lungs and the blood. This is because of the structure of the alveoli: • Thin walls (supplied with dense capillary network) • Huge surface area = greater uptake of oxygen |
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Mechanics of Breathing |
"Air will always move from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure " - the greater the difference the faster the air will flow |
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Continued Mechanics of breathing... • inspiration |
To get air into lungs (inspiration), the pressure needs to be lower than the atmosphere. To do this you must: - increase the size of thoracic cavity (surrounding muscles contract) - diaphragm contracts = flattens - external intercostal muscles contract = pulling ribs up and out |
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Continued Mechanics of breathing... • expiration |
To get air out (expiration) the pressure must be higher in the lungs than in the atmosphere. This is done when: - the thoracic cavity volume decreases (increase pressure in lungs) - at rest expiration = passive - diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax and reduces thoracic cavity volume |
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Lung volumes and Capacities |
This is the movement of air into and out of the lungs Inspiration = taking air in Expiration = moving air out (Lung volumes can be highlighted on a spirometer trace) • at rest we inspire and expire approx 0.5 litres of air. |
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Continued...
TIDAL VOLUME |
The volume of air inspired and expired per breath. |
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Continued...
MINUTE VENTILATION |
Volume of air inspired or expired per minute |
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Continued...
BREATHING FREQUENCY |
The number of breathes taken per minute
Breathing Frequency x Tidal Volume = Minute Ventilation |
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Continued...
IRV + ERV |
IRV = Inspiratory Reserve Volume (extra amount of air inspired) ERV = Expiratory Reserve Volume (extra amount expired) • Exercise will effect these because more oxygen is required therefore the tidal volume will increase but this will reduce ability to breath in and out extra air so IRV + ERV will decrease |
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Continued...
VITAL CAPACITY |
Volume of air forcibly expired after maximum inspiration in one breath |
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Continued...
RESIDUAL VOLUME |
Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration |
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Continued...
TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY |
Vital Capacity + Residual Volume |
