Respiratory System

Front 1

What does the blood air barrier consist of?

Back 1

Alveolar walls

capillary walls

basement membranes

Front 2

What cells line the alveolar walls?

Back 2

Single sqaumous epithelium

Front 3

What do the cells in the alveolar walls secrete?

(type 2)

Back 3

Type 2 cells secrete:

surfactant and antimicrobial proteins

Front 4

The movement of air into and out of the lungs is what?

Back 4

Pulmonary ventilation

Front 5

O2 and CO2 exchange between lungs and blood is called what?

Back 5

External respirations

Front 6

O2 and CO2 exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues it called what?

Back 6

Internal respirations

Front 7

What is Partial Pressure?

Back 7

Pressure of each of the gases in a mixture

Front 8

Explain Gas diffusion

Back 8

Gas moves from high to low partial pressure

Front 9

Explain Ventilation-perfusion coupling

(co2 and o2)

Back 9

Changes in Po2 in alveoli causes changes in the diameter of the arterioles

Changes in Pco2 in alveoli causes changes in diameters of bronchioles

Front 10

If alveolar O2 is low the arterioles _______

Back 10

Constrict

Front 11

If alveolar co2 is high the bronchioles ______

Back 11

dialate

Front 12

If alveolar co2 is low the bronchioles ______

Back 12

Constrict

Front 13

If alveolar O2 is high the arterioles _______

Back 13

Dilate

Front 14

When does vasoconstriction happen?

Back 14

When in the lungs there is poor gas exchange.

Front 15

How is oxygen travelled in blood?

Back 15

Oxygen is attached to haemoglobin as

oxyhaemaglobin.

It is also dissolved in plasma

Front 16

What is the equation that transfers co2 from tissue to RBC?

Back 16

CO2 +H20 - H2CO3 - H+ +HCO3-

Front 17

Is CO2 travelling form high to low concentration or low to high?

Back 17

High to low

Front 18

This happens in what?

CO2 diffuses into RBC

Converted by carbon anhydrase to bicarbonate which diffuses into plasma

Chloride shift ( chloride moves in from plasma to balance the charge of bicarbonate coming in)

Back 18

Systemic capillaries

Front 19

What causes oxygen to move from alveoli to capillaries and into tissues?

Back 19

Differences in partial pressures of O2 create a gradient that causes oxygen to move

Front 20

This happens in what?

Bicarbonate moves back into RBC and connects with H+ to from H2CO3

Chloride moves out into plasma to balance the charge of bicarbonate coming in

H2CO3 is split by carbonic hydrase into C02 and h20

=C02 diffuses out of RBC and into alveoli

Back 20

Pulmonary capillaries

Front 21

Co2 in alveoli decreases, and H+ increases as it needs a certain amount of Co2.

This happens in ______ventilation?

Back 21

Hyper

Front 22

Vital capacity in pregnancy does what?

Increase, decrease or remain normal?

Back 22

Remain normal

Front 23

Tidal volume in pregnancy does what?

Increase, decrease or remain normal?

Back 23

Increase

Front 24

Respiration rate and minute ventilation in pregnancy does what?

Increase, decrease or remain normal?

Back 24

increase

Front 25

What does the uterus do to the diaphragm?

Back 25

Increase the pressure

Front 26

O2 requirement _____ during pregnancy due to _____ work on diaphragm and ______ O2 consumption by foetus via placenta

Back 26

Increases, increase, increase

Front 27

There is a _______ to the residual volume and expiratory volume in pregnancy

Back 27

Decrease

Front 28

What part of the brain controls Respirations?

Back 28

Medulla and Pons

Front 29

Control in respirations:

Receptors in M______ and J_______

S______ receptors in ______

C________receptors

Back 29

Muscles, joints

Stretch lungs

chemo

Front 30

Co2 increases causing you to breath_____

Back 30

more

Front 31

CO2 decreases causing you to breath _____

Back 31

Less

Front 32

What is hypercapnia?

Back 32

A rise in CO2 levels

Front 33

If pCO2 rises, CO2 _______ in the brain

Back 33

Accumulates

Front 34

H+ stimulates the c_____receptors of the _______ _____

Back 34

Chemo, brain, stem

Front 35

Chemoreceptors synapse with what?

Back 35

Respiratory system

Front 36

Hyperventilation causes an _____ in depth and rate of breathing.

Back 36

Increase

Front 37

Hyperventilation causes _____ levels to ______

Back 37

C02 levels , decrease

Front 38

Hyperventilation may cause cerebral _________

Back 38

Vasoconstriction

Front 39

CO2 _____ after inspiration, and _____ slightly after expiration

Back 39

Increase

Decreased

Front 40

N2 ______ after inspiration, and ______ after expiration

Back 40

Decreased

Decreased

Front 41

O2 ______ after inspiration, and slightly ______ after expiration

Back 41

Decreased

Increased

Front 42

what does the partial pressure of each gas in the respiratory mixture do?

Back 42

Forces gas molecules to dissolve into the alveolar membrane and then into the blood of pulmonary capillaries