Respiratory System

Front 1

alveolo

Back 1

alveolus (air sac)

Front 2

broncho
bronchio

Back 2

bronchus (airway)

Front 3

bronchiolo

Back 3

bronchiole (little airway)

Front 4

capno
carbo

Back 4

carbon dioxide

Front 5

laryngo

Back 5

larynx

Front 6

lobo

Back 6

lobe (a portion)

Front 7

naso
rhino

Back 7

nose

Front 8

oro

Back 8

mouth

Front 9

oxo

Back 9

oxygen

Front 10

palato

Back 10

palate

Front 11

pharyngo

Back 11

pharynx

Front 12

phreno

Back 12

diaphgragm

Front 13

pleuro

Back 13

pleura

Front 14

pneumo
pnenmono

Back 14

air or lung

Front 15

pulmono

Back 15

lung

Front 16

sinuso

Back 16

sinus (cavity)

Front 17

spiro

Back 17

breathing

Front 18

thoraco
pectoro
stetho

Back 18

chest

Front 19

tonsillo

Back 19

tonsil

Front 20

tracheo

Back 20

trachea (windpipe)

Front 21

uvulo

Back 21

uvula

Front 22

pnea

Back 22

breathing

Front 23

nose

Back 23

structure that warms moistens and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract and that houses the olfactory receptors for the sense of smell

Front 24

sinuses

Back 24

air filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity

Front 25

palate

Back 25

partition between the oral and nasal cavities divided into the hard and soft palate

Front 26

pharynx

Back 26

throat, passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

Front 27

nasopharynx

Back 27

part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages

Front 28

oropharynx

Back 28

central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis`

Front 29

laryngopharynx

Back 29

lower part of the pharynx just below the oropharynx opening into the larynx and esophagus

Front 30

tonsils

Back 30

oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion also called palatine tonsils

Front 31

adenoid

Back 31

lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose also called pharyngeal tonsil

Front 32

uvula

Back 32

small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate, named for its grape like shape

Front 33

larynx

Back 33

voice box passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea contains vocal cords

Front 34

glottis

Back 34

opening between the vocal cords in the larynx

Front 35

epiglottis

Back 35

lid like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway

Front 36

trachea

Back 36

windpipe passageway for air from the larynx to the area of the carina where it splits into the right and left bonchus

Front 37

bronchial tree

Back 37

branched airways that lead from the trachea to the alveoli

Front 38

right and left bronchus

Back 38

two primary airways branching from the area of the carina into the lungs

Front 39

bronchioles

Back 39

progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways

Front 40

alveoli

Back 40

thin walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases

Front 41

lungs

Back 41

two spongy organs located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage, responsible for respiration

Front 42

lobes

Back 42

subdivisions of the lung two on the left and three on the right

Front 43

pleura

Back 43

membranes enclosing the lung and lining the thoracic cavaity

Front 44

pleural cavity

Back 44

potential space between the visceral pluera and lining the thoracic cavaity

Front 45

diaphragm

Back 45

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavaity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down

Front 46

mediastinum

Back 46

partition that separates the thorax into two compartments and encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland

Front 47

mucous membranes

Back 47

thin sheets of tissue that line the respiratory passages and secrete muscus

Front 48

cilia

Back 48

hair like processes from the surface of epithelial cells such as those of the bronchi that provide upward movement of mucus cell secretions

Front 49

parenchyma

Back 49

functional tissues of any organ such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs that perform respiration

Front 50

eupnea

Back 50

normal breathing

Front 51

bradypnea

Back 51

slow breathing

Front 52

tachypnea

Back 52

fast breathing

Front 53

hypopnea

Back 53

shallow breathing

Front 54

hyperpnea

Back 54

deep breathing

Front 55

dyspnea

Back 55

difficulty breathing

Front 56

apnea

Back 56

inability to breathe

Front 57

orthpnea

Back 57

ability to breathe only in an upright position

Front 58

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Back 58

pattern of breathing charracterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level followed by a decrease resulting in apnea

Front 59

lung sounds
crackles
rales

Back 59

popping sounds heart on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli - bronchiectasis or atelectasis

Front 60

wheezes
rhonchi

Back 60

high pitched musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway asthma emphysema

Front 61

stridor

Back 61

a high pitched crowning sound that is a sign of obstructio in the upper airway

Front 62

caseous necrosis

Back 62

degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese like appearance (characteristic of tuberculosis

Front 63

dysphonia

Back 63

horseness

Front 64

epistaxis

Back 64

nosebleed

Front 65

expectoration

Back 65

coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs

Front 66

sputum

Back 66

material expelled from lungs by coughing

Front 67

hemoptysis

Back 67

coughing up and spitting out blood originating in the lungs

Front 68

hypercapnia
hypercarbia

Back 68

excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 69

hyperventilation

Back 69

excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypocapnia

Front 70

hypoventilation

Back 70

deficient movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypercapnia

Front 71

hypoxemia

Back 71

deficient amount of osygen in the blood

Front 72

hypoxia

Back 72

deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells

Front 73

obstructive lung disorder

Back 73

condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs

Front 74

restrictive lung disorder

Back 74

condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs

Front 75

pulmonary edema

Back 75

fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli, eventually flooding into the aveoli

Front 76

pulmonary infiltrate

Back 76

density on an x-ray representing solid material within the air spaces of the lungs, usually indicating inflammatory changes

Front 77

rhinorrhea

Back 77

thin watery discharge from the nose

Front 78

asthma

Back 78

panting, obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane characterized by paroxysmal attacks of wheezing, dyspnea and cough

Front 79

atelectasis

Back 79

collapse of lung tissue

Front 80

bronchiectasis

Back 80

abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus

Front 81

bronchitis

Back 81

inflammation of the bronchi

Front 82

bronchogenic carcinoma

Back 82

lung cancer

Front 83

bronchospasm

Back 83

constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle

Front 84

emphysema

Back 84

obstructive pulmonary disease charaterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air with destructive changes in their walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange

Front 85

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Back 85

permanent destructive pulmonary diorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Front 86

cystic fibrosis

Back 86

inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous mucus that obstructs passageways within the body commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract mucus that obstructs the airways leads to infection inflammation and lung tissue

Front 87

laryngitis

Back 87

inflammation of the larynx

Front 88

laryngotracheobronchitis

Back 88

inflammation of the upper airways with swelling that creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct seal bark cough

Front 89

laryngospasm

Back 89

spasm of laryngeal muscles causing constriction

Front 90

nasal polyposis

Back 90

presence of numberous polyps in the nose

Front 91

pleural effusion

Back 91

accumulation of fliud within the pleural cavity

Front 92

empyerma
pyothorax

Back 92

accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

Front 93

hemothorax

Back 93

accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

Front 94

pleuritis
pleurisy

Back 94

inflammatin of the pleura

Front 95

pneumoconiosis

Back 95

chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts such as coal, asbestos or silicone

Front 96

pneumonia

Back 96

inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria viruses fungi or parasites or resulting from aspiration of chemicals

Front 97

pneumocystis pneumonia

Back 97

peumonia caused by the pneumocystis carinii organism a common opportunistic infection seen in those with positive HIV

Front 98

pneumothorax

Back 98

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

Front 99

pneumonitis

Back 99

inflammation of the lung often caused by hypersenitivity ro chemicalss or dusts

Front 100

pulmonary embolism

Back 100

occlusion in the pulmonary circulation most often caused by a blood cot

Front 101

pulmonary tuberculosis

Back 101

diease caused by the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs characterized by formation of tubercles inflammation and nectrotizing caseous lesions

Front 102

sinusitis

Back 102

inflammation of the sinuses

Front 103

sleep apnea

Back 103

periods of breahting cessation that occur during sleep often causing snoring

Front 104

tonsillitis

Back 104

acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils

Front 105

upper respiratory infection

Back 105

infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi

Front 106

endoscopy

Back 106

examination of a body cavity with a flexible endoscope to examine within for diagnostic or treatment purposes

Front 107

bronchoscopy

Back 107

use of a flexible endoscope called a bronchoscope to examine the airways

Front 108

nasopharyngoscopy

Back 108

use of a flexible endoscope to examine the nasal passages and the pharynx to diagnose structural abnomralities such as obstructions growths and cancers

Front 109

lung biopsy

Back 109

removal of a small piece of lung tissue for pathological examination

Front 110

magnetic resonance image

Back 110

nonionizing image of the lung to visualize lung lesions

Front 111

polysomnography

Back 111

recording of various aspects of sleep muscle movements repiration for diagnosis of sleep disorders

Front 112

auscultation

Back 112

to listen physical examination method of listening to the sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope such as auscultation of the chest for heart and lung sounds

Front 113

percussion

Back 113

physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size border or fliud content of a cavity such as the chest

Front 114

pulmonary function testing

Back 114

direct and indirect measures of lung volumes and capacities

Front 115

spirometry

Back 115

portion of pulmonary function testing that is a direct measurement of lung and volume capacity

Front 116

tidal volume

Back 116

amount of air exhaled after a normal inspiration

Front 117

vital capacity

Back 117

amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration

Front 118

peak flow
peak expiratory flow rate

Back 118

measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration

Front 119

pulse oximetry

Back 119

noninvasive method of estimating the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood using an oximeter with a specialized probe attached to the skin at a site of arterialpulsation commonly the finger used to monitor hypoxemia

Front 120

adenoidectomy

Back 120

excision of the adenoids

Front 121

lobectomy

Back 121

removal of a lung

Front 122

nasal polypectomy

Back 122

removal of a nasal polyp

Front 123

pneumonectomy

Back 123

removal of an entire lung

Front 124

thoracentesis

Back 124

puncture for aspiration of the chest

Front 125

thoracoplasty

Back 125

repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs

Front 126

throacoscopy

Back 126

endoscopic examination of the pleural cavity using a thoracoscope

Front 127

thoracostomy

Back 127

creation of an opening in the chest usually for insertion of a tube

Front 128

thoracotomy

Back 128

incision into the chest

Front 129

tonsillectomy

Back 129

excision of the palatine tonsils

Front 130

tonsillectomy and adenidectomy

Back 130

excision of the tonsil and adenoids

Front 131

tracheostomy

Back 131

creation of an opening in the trachea most often to insert a tube

Front 132

tracheotomy

Back 132

incision into the trachea

Front 133

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Back 133

method of artificial respiration and closed chest massage used to restore breathing and cardiac output after cardiac arrest

Front 134

continuous positive airway pressure

Back 134

device that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages commonly used duing sleep to prevent airway closure in sleep apnea

Front 135

endotracheal intubation

Back 135

passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway for delivering gas mixtures to the lungs

Front 136

incentive spirometry

Back 136

common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and repeatedly sustain an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications

Front 137

mechanical ventilation

Back 137

mechanical method performed by a repiratory therapist to provide assisted breathing using a ventilator

Front 138

antibiotic

Back 138

drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

Front 139

anticoagulant

Back 139

drug that dissolves or prevents the formation of thrombi or emboli in the blood vessels

Front 140

antihistime

Back 140

drug that neutralizes or inhibits the effects of histamine

Front 141

histamine

Back 141

compound in the body that is released by injured cells in allergic reactions inflammation etc. causing constriction of bronchial smooth muscle dilation of blood vessels

Front 142

bronhodialator

Back 142

drug that dialates the muscular walls of the bronchi

Front 143

expectorant

Back 143

drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing