Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what could be some causes of hypoxemia while having a increased A-a gradient
|
V/Q mismatch, diffusion limitation and right-to-left shunt
|
|
|
what could be some causes of hypoxia
|
anemia, cyanide poisoning and CO poisoning
|
|
|
no improvement of O2 sat with 100% oxygen
|
shunt
|
|
|
improvement of O2 sat with 100% oxygen
|
dead space
|
|
|
where does TB prefer to be in the lung and why?
|
TB will hide out in the apex of the lung because the O2 content in higher here (less O2 is being pulled out)
|
|
|
this disease is characterized by hypertrophy of mucous secreting glands of the bronchioles and a reid index of >50%
|
Chronic bronchitis
|
|
|
how long must you have a productive cough in order to be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis
|
> 3 consecutive months in >/+ 2 years
this is a disease of small airways |
|
|
central acinar emphysema vs panacinar emphysema
|
central acinar = smoking
panacinar = alpha 1-AT deficiency (also will see liver problems here as well) |
|
|
visualization of a patient's lung shows a large bullae present... what is this disease called? what is the patient at risk of?
|
this is bullous emphesema... the person is at risk of rupture of this bulla leading to spontaneous pneumothorax
(classic tall, thin smoking male) |
|
|
FEV1: FVC decreased (<75%)
|
COPD (obstructive lung disease)
|
|
|
FEV1: FVC is normal but total lung capacity is greatly decreased (3 L)
|
restrictive
|
|
|
stroke following a long bone injury? stroke following endocarditis? PE following a long plane ride? DIC following pregnancy?
|
stroke following a long bone injury = fat embolus
stroke following endocarditis = bacterial embolus PE following a long plane ride = stasis thrombus DIC following pregnancy = amniotic fluid leading to DIC |
|
|
name the "greuling" effects of sarcoidosis
|
Granulomas
Rheumatoid arthritis Uveitis (eye) erythema nodosum (tibial) Lymphadenopathy (hilar, bilateral) idiopathic NOT TB gamma globulinemia (ACE increase) |
|
|
what do patients with silicosis need to be warned about?
|
increased susceptibility to TB (this is because the silica may disrupt phagolysosomes and impair macrophages)
|
|
|
differentiate between the locations of silicosis, coal miner's lung and asbestosis
|
coal miner's and silicosis are upper lung lobe disease
asbestosis is a lower lung lobe disease |
|
|
what are the S's of squamous cell CA of the lung
|
squamous cell
central smoking |
|
|
which type of cancer will produce PTHrP?
|
squamous cell CA of the lung
|
|
|
how do you treat small cell CA of the lung? large cell?
|
small cell CA of lung responds to chemo
large cell CA can be removed via surgery |
|
|
most common lung cancer in NON-smokers and females
|
adenocarcinoma of the lung
|
|
|
which lung cancer is associated with ectopic production of ACTH or ADH
|
this paraneoplastic syndrome is caused by small cell CA
hint: high dose dexamethasone suppresion test will NOT cause a decrease in ACTH secretion in this case |
|
|
which way will the trachea be pointing in a tension pneumothorax? spontaneous?
|
walk AWAY from the tension: in tension pneumo the trachea will deviate away from the side of the puncture
in spontaneous pneumo the trachea will deviate towards the lesion |
|
|
common cause of pneumonia in immunocomprimised patients
|
pneumocystis jiroveci
|
|
|
most common cause of atypical pneumonia
|
mycoplasma pneumonia
|
|
|
common causitive agent for pneumonia in alchoholics
|
Klebsiella
|
|
|
can causse an interstitial pneumonia in bird handlers
|
chlamydia psitacii
|
|
|
often the cause of pneumonia in a patient with a hx of exposure to bats or bird droppings
|
histoplasma
|
|
|
often the cause of pneumonia in a pateint who has recently visited SC, NM, or TX
|
coccidiodes
|
|
|
q fever
|
Coxiella burnettii
|
|
|
associated with pneumonia in children 1 year or younger
|
RSV
|
|
|
MC cause of pneumonia in neonates?
|
Group B strep or E.coli
|
|
|
most common cause of pneumonia in children and young adults (including college kids, military recruits and prison inmates)
|
Mycoplasma pneumonia
|
|
|
common case of pneumonia in patients with other health problems
|
Klebsiella
|
|
|
most common cause of viral pneumonia
|
RSV
|
|
|
causes a wool-sorter's disease (life threateing pneumonia)
|
Bacillus antracis
|
|
|
endogenous flora in 20% of adults
|
Strep pneumo
|
|
|
common cause of COPD exacerbation
|
H. flu
|
|
|
common pneumonia in ventilator patients and those with CF
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
|
pontiac fever
|
legionnella
|
|
|
MC cause of lobar pneumonia
|
strep pneumo and Klebsiella
|
|
|
MC cause of bronchopneumonia
|
Staph aureus, H.flu, Klebsiella and Strep pyogenes
|
|
|
MC cause of interstitial pneumonia
|
RSV and adenoviruses, mycoplasma, legionella and chlamydia
|
