Respiratory System

Front 1

How can the resp system be divided anatmoically?

Back 1

upper respiratory tract and a lower respiratory tract

Front 2

How can the resp system be divided functionally?

Back 2

conducting portion (transports air, and a respiratory portion (gas exchange with the blood)

Front 3

What portion of the resp system is responsible for gas exchange with the blood?

Back 3

respiratory portion of the functional division of the resp system

Front 4

The nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and trachea, and progressively smaller airways are part of what portion of the resp system/

Back 4

conducting portion

Front 5

The respiratory portion of the resp system is composed of what?

Back 5

small airways called respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and air sacs called alveoli

Front 6

What are some of the respiratory system functions?

Back 6

breathing (inhalation and exhalation) movement of gases into and out of lungs, CONDITIONING of gases, production of sound, sense of smell, protects the body against airborne infection.

Front 7

What is another name for breathing?

Back 7

pulmonary ventilation

Front 8

What are the 2 cyclic phases breathing consists of?

Back 8

inhalation/inspiration draws gases into lungs
exhalation/expiration: forces gases out of the lungs

Front 9

Why is the continuous movement of gases into and out of the lungs necessary?

Back 9

for the process of gas exchange. Blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transports carbon dioxide produced by the body cells to the lungs for removal

Front 10

What transports oxygen from the lungs and where does it go?

Back 10

blood to the body cells

Front 11

blood transports carbon dioxide produced by the body cells to what?

Back 11

the lungs for removal

Front 12

What is exhalation?

Back 12

forces carbon dioxide produced by the body cells to the lungs for removal

Front 13

What are the 2 types of gas exchange?

Back 13

External respiration: gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood (O2 diffuses from the lungs into the blood while CO2 diffuses out of the blood into the air spaces in the lungs in order to be exhaled)
Internal respiration: gas exchange between the blood and the cells throughout the body.

Front 14

How does the gas exchange in external respiration take place?

Back 14

O2 diffuses from the lungs into the blood while CO2 diffuses out of the blood into the air spaces in the lungs in order to be exhaled

Front 15

What does internal respiration involve?

Back 15

gas exchange between the blood and the cells throughout the body

Front 16

What does it mean by the gases are conditioned prior to reaching the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs?

Back 16

As inhaled gases pass through conducting airways the gases are warmed to body temp, humidified, cleansed of particulate matter.

Front 17

What 3 things take place as gas is conditioned prior to reaching the gas exchange surface of the lungs?

Back 17

warmed to body temp, humidified, cleansed of particulate matter through contact with the respiratory epithelium and its sticky mucus covering.

Front 18

What cleanses the gas as it is inhaled?

Back 18

contact with the respiratory epithelium and its sticky mucus covering facilitated by the wisted pathways through the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, which cause the inhaled air to become very turbulent during inhalation

Front 19

What produces sound?

Back 19

as air is forced out of lungs and moves through the larynx

Front 20

What anatomic structures aid sound production?

Back 20

nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, teeth, lips, tongue

Front 21

What covers the superior region of the nasal cavity?

Back 21

olfactory epithelium which contains chemoreceptors for the sense of smell

Front 22

What contains chmoreceptors for smell?

Back 22

olfactory epithelium, these receptors detect inhaled molecules that dissolve in teh mucus overlying the olfactory epithelium

Front 23

What protects the body against airborne infection?

Back 23

The structre of the resp system and some of the cells in the resp epithelium

Front 24

What is the enzyme that is produced by epithelium and what does it do?

Back 24

lysozyme, destroys microbial cell walls, the mucus traps inhaled dust, microbes, insects, and pollen, defensive mucus production can increase when lg quantities of irritating materials enter.

Front 25

What helps protect the body against airborne infection?

Back 25

nose hairs (vibrassae), twisted passageways, epithelium producing mucus and lysozyme

Front 26

What is CF?

Back 26

cystic fibrosis, involves defective plasma membrane proteins that affect chloride ion channels in the membrane. The chloride channels are transport proteins that use facilitated diffusion to move chloride ions across the plasma membrane. The genetic defect that causes CF results in the formation of abnormal chloride channel proteins in the membranes of cells lining the respiratory passageways and ducs in glands, such as the pancreas.

Front 27

The genetic defect that causes CF results in the formation of what?

Back 27

abnormal chloride channel proteins in the membranes of cells lining the respiratory passageways and ducts in gland

Front 28

The defect in the chloride channels results in what happening?

Back 28

An abnormal flow of chloride ions across the membrane, causing salt to be trapped within the cytoplasm of affected cells.

Front 29

If salt is trapped within the cytoplasm of affected cells of people with CF, what happens within the cytoplasm?

Back 29

The concentration within the cytoplasm of these cells causes an increase in the osmotic flow of H20 into the cell, thereby resulting in thickening of the mucus in the respiratory passageways and the pancreatic ducts which plugs airways

Front 30

What can produce CF?

Back 30

A single genetic and biochemical defect in a transport protein.

Front 31

What can cause an abnormal flow of chloride ions across the membrane in CF?

Back 31

abnormal chloride channel proteins causing salt to be trapped within the cytoplasm of affected cells.

Front 32

What organ does CF affect?

Back 32

pancreas

Front 33

How can you tell if a baby has CF?

Back 33

tastes salty

Front 34

What is a treatment for CF?

Back 34

antibiotics for pulmonary infections, and treating the mucus in the lungs. Mucus builds up and blocks the bronchial tree, leading to chronic respiratory infections

Front 35

Why is CF dangerous?

Back 35

results in thickened mucus that obstructs both the respiratory passageways and ducts of glands such as the pancreatic ducts (prevents digestive enzymes from entering the small intestine)