Respiratory System

Front 1

ADENOIDS

Back 1

Lymphatic tissue forming a prominence on the wall of the recess of the nasopharynx

Front 2

ALVEOLI

Back 2

Air cells of the lungs; known as the pulmonary parenchyma (function units of the upper lungs).

Front 3

APEX OF LUNG

Back 3

The upper portion of the lung, rising about 2.5 to 5cm above the collarbone

Front 4

BASE OF LUNG

Back 4

The lower part of the lung, resting on the diaphragm

Front 5

BRONCHI

Back 5

The two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs, providing the passageway for air movement

Front 6

BRONCHIOLE

Back 6

One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes

Front 7

CAPILLARIES

Back 7

Any of the minute (tiny) blood vessels. The capillaries connect the ends of the smallest arteries (arterioles) with the beginnings of the smallest veins (venules)

Front 8

DIAPHRAGM

Back 8

The musculomembranous wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity

Front 9

EPIGLOTTIS

Back 9

A thin leaf-shaped structure located immediately posterior to the root of the tongue; covers the entrance of the larynx when the individual swallows

Front 10

GLOTTIS

Back 10

The sound-producing apparatus of the larynx consisting of the two-vocal folds and the intervening space (the epiglottis protects the opening).

Front 11

LARYNGALGIA

Back 11

Pain in the larynx

Front 12

LARYNGOPHARYNX

Back 12

Lower portion of the pharynx that extends from the vestibule of the larynx (the portion just above the vocal cords) to the lowermost cartilage of the larynx)

Front 13

LARYNX

Back 13

The enlarged upper end of the trachea below the root of the tongue; the voice box

Front 14

MEDIASTINUM

Back 14

The mass of organs and tissues separating the lungs. It contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and bronchi

Front 15

NARES

Back 15

External nostrils

Front 16

NASOPHARYNX

Back 16

Part of the pharynx located about the soft palate (postnasal space)

Front 17

OROPHARYNX

Back 17

Central portion of the pharynx lying between the soft palate and upper portion of the epiglottis

Front 18

PALATINE TONSILS

Back 18

Lymphatic tissue located in the depression of the mucous membrane of fauces (the constricted opening leading from the mouth and the oral pharynx) and the pharynx

Front 19

PARANASAL SINUSES

Back 19

Hollow areas or cavities within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity

Front 20

PARIETAL PLEURA

Back 20

Portion of the pleura that is closest to the ribs

Front 21

PHARYNX

Back 21

Passageway for air from nasal cavity to larynx and food from mouth to esophagus. Serves both the respiratory and digestive systems; the throat

Front 22

PHRENIC NERVE

Back 22

The nerve known as the motor nerve to the diaphragm

Front 23

PLEURA

Back 23

The double-folded membrane that lines the thoracic cavity

Front 24

PLEURAL SPACE

Back 24

The space that separates the visceral and parietal pleurae, which contains a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant to the pleural surfaces during respiration

Front 25

PULMONARY PARENCHYMA

Back 25

The functional units of the lungs (for example, the alveoli) which have very thing walls that allow for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

Front 26

SEPTUM

Back 26

A wall dividing two cavities

Front 27

THORAX

Back 27

The chest; that part of the body between the base of the neck and the diaphragm

Front 28

TRACHEA

Back 28

A cylinder-shaped tube lined with rings of cartilage (to keep it open) that is 4.5 inches long, from the larynx to the bronchial tubes; the windpipe

Front 29

VISCERAL PLEURA

Back 29

Portion of the pleura that is closest to the internal organs

Front 30

APNEA

Back 30

Temporary cessation of breathing; "without breathing"

Front 31

BRADYPNEA

Back 31

Abnormally slow breathing

Front 32

COUGH

Back 32

A forceful and sometimes violent expiratory effort preceded by a preliminary inspiration. The glottis is partially closed, the accessory muscles of expiration are brought into action, and air is noisily expelled

Front 33

CYANOSIS

Back 33

Slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin due to presence of abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

Front 34

DYSPHONIA

Back 34

Difficulty in speaking; hoarseness

Front 35

DYSPNEA

Back 35

Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain.

Front 36

EPISTAXIS

Back 36

Hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed

Front 37

EXPECTORATION

Back 37

The act of spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the air passageways leading to the lungs

Front 38

HEMOPTYSIS

Back 38

Expectoration of blood arising from the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs

Front 39

HYPERCAPNIA

Back 39

Increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 40

HYPOXEMIA

Back 40

Insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood

Front 41

HYPOXIA

Back 41

Deficiency of oxygen

Front 42

KUSSMAUL RESPIRATIONS

Back 42

Very deep, gasping type of respiration associated with severe diabetic acidosis

Front 43

ORTHOPNEA

Back 43

Respiratory condition in which there is discomfort in breathing in any but erect, sitting, or standing position

Front 44

PLEURAL RUB

Back 44

Friction rub caused by inflammation of the pleural space

Front 45

RALES

Back 45

An abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest, produced by passage of air through bronchi that contain secretion or exudate or that are constricted by spasm or a thickening of their walls, also known as crackle

Front 46

RHINORRHEA

Back 46

Thin, watery discharge from the nose

Front 47

RHONCHI

Back 47

Rales or rattlings in the throat, especially when it resembles snoring

Front 48

SNEEZE

Back 48

To expel air forcibly through the nose and mouth by spasmodic contraction of muscles of expiration due to irritation of nasal mucosa

Front 49

STRIDOR

Back 49

Harsh sound during respiration; high pitched and resembling the blowing of wind, due to obstruction of air passages

Front 50

TACHYPNEA

Back 50

Abnormal rapidity of breathing

Front 51

WHEEZE

Back 51

A whistling sound or sighing sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway

Front 52

CORYZA

Back 52

Inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes known as rhinitison the common cold. The term common cold is usually used when referring to symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection

Front 53

CROUP

Back 53

A childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, tachypnea, inspiratory, stridor, and laryngeal spasm

Front 54

DIPHTHERIA

Back 54

Serious infectious disease affecting the nose, pharynx, or larynx--usually resulting in sore throat, dysphonia, and fever. The disease is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which forms a white coating over the affected airways as it multiplies

Front 55

LARYNGITIS

Back 55

Inflammation of the larynx, usually resulting in dysphonia (hoarseness), cough, and difficulty swallowing

Front 56

PERTUSSIS

Back 56

An acute upper respiratory infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis "whooping cough".

Front 57

PHARYNGITIS

Back 57

Inflammation of the pharynx, usually resulting in sore throat

Front 58

RHINITIS

Back 58

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, usually resulting in obstruction of the nasal passages, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and facial pressure or pain, also known as coryza

Front 59

SINUSITIS

Back 59

Inflammation of a sinus, especially a paranasal sinus

Front 60

TONSILITIS

Back 60

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils, located in the area of the oropharynx

Front 61

ASTHMA

Back 61

Paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane

Front 62

BRONCHIECTASIS

Back 62

Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi, with secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of the lung

Front 63

BRONCHITIS

Back 63

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. Infection is often preceded by the common cold

Front 64

BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA

Back 64

A malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi; lung cancer

Front 65

EMPHYSEMA

Back 65

A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by increase beyond the normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, either from dilation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls

Front 66

EMPYEMA

Back 66

Pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity (pyothorax); usually the result of a primary infection in the lungs

Front 67

HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE

Back 67

Also known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the premature infant. Severe impairment of the function of respiration in the premature newborn. This condition is rarely present in a newborn of greater than 37 weeks' gestation or in one weighing at least 5 lbs

Front 68

INFLUENZA

Back 68

A highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract transmitted by airborne droplet infection; also known as the flu. Can occur in isolated cases or can be epidemic. Incubation period is usually one to three days after exposure.

Front 69

LUNG ABSCESS

Back 69

A localized collection of pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by white blood cells that have migrated to the area to fight infection

Front 70

PLEURAL EFFUSION

Back 70

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, resulting in compression of underlying portion of the lung, with resultant dyspnea

Front 71

PLEURITIS (PLEURISY)

Back 71

Inflammation of both the visceral and parietal pleura

Front 72

PNEUMONIA

Back 72

Inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants

Front 73

PNEUMOTHORAX

Back 73

A collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity. The air enters as the result of a perforation through the chest wall or the pleura covering the lung, causing the lung to collapse.

Front 74

PULMONARY EDEMA

Back 74

Swelling of the lungs caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, either in the alveoli or interstitial spaces

Front 75

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Back 75

The obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus (clot) that dislodges from another location and is carried through the venous system to the vessels of the lung

Front 76

PULMONARY HEART DISEASE (COR PULMONALE)

Back 76

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart (with or without failure) resulting from disorders of the lungs, pulmonary vessels, or chest wall; heart failure resulting from pulmonary disease

Front 77

SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

Back 77

The completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant. SIDS, also known as crib death, is the most common cause of death between the second week and first year of life

Front 78

TUBERCULOSIS

Back 78

An infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and characterized by inflammatory infiltrations, formation of tubercles, and caseous (cheeselike) necrosis in the tissues of the lungs. Other organ systems may also be infected

Front 79

ANTHRACOSIS

Back 79

The accumulation of carbon deposits in the lungs due to breathing smoke or coal dust (black lung disease); also called coal worker's pneumoconiosis

Front 80

ASBESTOSIS

Back 80

A lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles

Front 81

BYSSINOSIS

Back 81

A lung disease resulting from inhalation of cotton, flax, and hemp; aka brown lung disease

Front 82

SILICOSIS

Back 82

A lung disease resulting from inhalation of silica (quartz) dust characterized by formation of small nodules

Front 83

BRONCHOSCOPY

Back 83

The examination of the interior of the bronchi using a lighted, flexible tube known as a bronchoscope (or endoscope)

Front 84

CHEST X-RAY

Back 84

The use of a high-energy electromagnetic waves passing through the body onto a photographic film, to produce a picture of the internal structures of the body for diagnosis and therapy

Front 85

LARYNGOSCOPY

Back 85

The examination of the interior of the larynx using a lighted, flexible tube known as a laryngoscope

Front 86

LUNG SCAN

Back 86

The visual imaging of the distribution of ventilation or blood flow in the lungs by scanning the lungs after the patient has been injected with or has inhaled radioactive materia

Front 87

PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS

Back 87

Physicians use this variety of tests to assess respiratory function

Front 88

SPUTUM SPECIMEN

Back 88

A specimen of material expectorated from the mouth. If procuded after a cough, it may contain (in addition to saliva) material from the throat and bronchi

Front 89

THORACENTESIS

Back 89

Involves the use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis, or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space

Front 90

TONSILLECTOMY

Back 90

Surgical removal of the palatine tonsils

Front 91

TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST (TST)

Back 91

Used to determine past or present tuberculosis infection present in the body. This is based on a positive skin reaction to the introduction of a purified protein derivative (PPD) of the tubercle bacilli; called tuberculin, into the skin