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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Functions of the Respiratory System |
Primary Role: gas exchange Secondary Roles: 1) airway defense 2) filter 3) biosynthesis of substances 4) acid-base balance |
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Upper respiratory tract |
1) nose 2) pharynx 3) larynx |
NPL |
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Lower respiratory tract |
Conducting zone: trachea to terminal bronchioles Respiratory zone: respiratory bronchioles to alveoli |
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Divisions of the pharynx |
1) Nasopharynx 2) Oropharynx 3) Laryngopharynx |
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Functions of the larynx |
1) produces sound 2) links pharynx with trachea 3) humidifies, filters, and warms air |
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Ventilation |
Movement of air into and out of the lungs |
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Diffusion |
Transport across the alveolocapillary barrier |
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Perfusion |
Blood flow along the pulmonary circulation |
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Inspiration (inhalation) |
1) contraction of respiratory muscles 2) thoracic cavity expands 3) increased volume of pleural cavity 4) pleural cavity pressure decreases 5) lung volume increases 6) alveolar pressure drops 7) air rushes in to restore equilibrium |
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Expiration (exhalation) |
1) respiratory muscles relax 2) thoracic cavity reduces in size 3) pleural cavity pressure increases 4) internal diameter of alveoli decreases 5) alveolar pressure increases 6) air flows out of alveoli |
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Muscles of Respiration |
1) Inspiration - Restful: diaphragm and ext. intercostals - Forced: accessory muscles in neck, thorax, and abdominal muscles 2) Expiration - Restful: none - Forced: int. intercostals, neck, and abdominal muscles |
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Bucket handle movement |
Raising and lowering the middle of the ribs = change in transverse diameter of the thorax |
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Pump handle movement |
Elevation of the upper ribs about a transverse axis = change in the anteroposterior diameter of the thorax |
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Piston movement |
The diaphragm contracts, pulling the domes inferiorly into the abdomen = an increase in the vertical diameter of the thorax |
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Formula for Alveolar Ventilation |
AV = (TV - DS) RR |
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Minute Ventilation |
TV × RR |
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Anatomic dead space |
150mL |
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Passive structures |
1) lungs 2) chest wall 3) airways |
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Active structure |
Respiratory muscles |
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Elasticity |
Reflects the relation between the driving pressure and the change in volume |
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Resistance |
Represents the relation between the driving pressure and the gas flow |
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